Particles and qualifiers

Two small words that change a sentence

bile means even, and it follows the word it emphasises rather than preceding it: Çocuk bile anladı — Even the child understood.

artık marks a change of state. With a positive verb it is from now on; with a negative verb it is no longer.

pek means very, but in careful Turkish it belongs mostly to negative sentences: pek iyi değil — not very good.

Choosing and locating

tek is single, sole; diğer is the other of a known set — narrower than başka, which is another, a different one.

orta is the middle and taraf a side — of a road, an argument or a family.

ilgili means related, concerning, and takes the comitative: bununla ilgili — concerning this.

Finally hoş, pleasant — the adjective hiding inside hoş geldiniz and hoşça kal.