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### Negative adverbials of state (-madan / -meden)

To describe performing an action *without* doing something else, attach the suffix **-madan** or **-meden** to the verb stem. 

The suffix follows two-way vowel harmony. For verbs with hard vowels (a, ı, o, u), use **-madan**. For verbs with soft vowels (e, i, ö, ü), use **-meden**. 

For example, **görmek** (to see) becomes **görmeden** (without seeing): 

{{item:802129}}

Notice how the compound verb **hareket etmek** (to move) uses the soft-vowel suffix to become **hareket etmeden**:

{{item:802134}}

Because this suffix begins with a consonant (**m**), you do not need to add a buffer **y** when the verb stem ends in a vowel. You can attach the suffix directly. For example, **terlemek** (to sweat) becomes **terlemeden**:

{{item:802138}}

This structure is common when talking about states of rest, sleep, or completing tasks without interruption:

{{item:802145}}

{{item:802148}}

Negative adverbials of state (-mAdAn)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
dream	rüya
sleep	uyku
I fall asleep without dreaming at all.	Hiç rüya görmeden uykuya dalarım.
realistic	gerçekçi
You will have more realistic dreams.	Daha gerçekçi rüyalar göreceksin.
to move	hareket etmek
awake	uyanık
He stays awake every night without moving.	Her gece hareket etmeden uyanık kalır.
nightmare	kabus
I want to sleep without having a nightmare.	Kabus görmeden uyumak isterim.
to sweat	terlemek
The child wakes up from the nightmare without sweating.	Çocuk kabustan terlemeden uyanır.
disorder	rahatsızlık
This is a sleep disorder because he always stays awake.	Bu bir uyku rahatsızlığı çünkü hep uyanık kalır.
treatment	tedavi
The doctor will find a new treatment for the disorder.	Doktor rahatsızlık için yeni bir tedavi bulacak.
to interrupt	bölmek
The sound interrupts my sleep.	Ses uykumu böler.
He will sleep without interrupting the treatment.	Tedaviyi bölmeden uyuyacak.
The patient will move without sweating.	Hasta terlemeden hareket edecek.
He fears the most realistic nightmare.	En gerçekçi kabustan korkar.
He will have realistic dreams without waking up.	Uyanmadan gerçekçi rüyalar görecek.