Learn Turkish: Hasta terlemeden hareket edecek. - The patient will move without sweating.

It comes from the verb terlemek (to sweat). We take the verb stem terle- and add the negative suffix -meden (without doing). Because the last vowel in terle- is an e (a front vowel), we use -meden instead of -madan to follow vowel harmony.

Why does etmek change to edecek instead of staying as etecek?

The base verb is etmek, used here in the compound verb hareket etmek (to move). When the future tense suffix -ecek is added to the stem et-, the letter t softens to a d because it falls between two vowels. This is a common consonant mutation in Turkish.

Does hasta mean 'sick' or 'patient' in this sentence?

Here it means 'the patient', acting as the subject of the sentence. In Turkish, the word hasta is very flexible. It can be used as an adjective (meaning 'sick') or as a noun (meaning 'a sick person' or 'a patient').

Why are hareket and edecek written as two separate words?

Hareket etmek is a compound verb made of a noun (hareket, meaning 'movement') and the helper verb etmek (to do/make). In Turkish, the two parts of this type of compound verb are written separately unless a sound change, like a dropped or doubled letter, happens in the noun part.