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### In Case Of: "halinde" and "durumunda"

In safety manuals and formal procedures, instructions are often based on specific conditions, like "in case of a system crash" or "in the event of a fire." In Turkish, this is built around two words: **hal** (case / state) and **durum** (situation).

To express "in case of [action]," use a formal conditional clause of circumstance. This is constructed using a verbal noun combined with a possessive structure:

- Take the subject of the condition and add the genitive suffix (e.g., **sistem-in** -> the system's).
- Add the verbal noun suffix **-ma / -me** to the verb stem.
- Add the possessive suffix matching the subject (e.g., **çök-me-si** -> its crashing).
- Finally, follow it with **halinde** (in case) or **durumunda** (in the situation of).

Translated literally, you are saying "in the case of the system's crashing."

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### Giving Emergency Instructions

Once you establish the condition, the main clause provides the protocol. This often involves obligations (**zorunda**), strong advice (**-sen iyi olur**), or asking questions to clarify safety procedures.

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### Handling General Emergencies

When the subject is a general, non-specific event (like "a fire," "a crisis," or "an emergency") rather than a specific definite object (like "the machine"), the subject stays in its base form without a genitive suffix.

For these general events, use helper verbs like **olmak** (to be / to happen) or **çıkmak** (to break out / to emerge) in their verbal noun forms (**olması**, **çıkması**).

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In case of (-ma halinde)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
case / situation (state, condition)	hal
to back up	yedeklemek
In case the system crashes, can I back up the data?	Sistemin çökmesi halinde verileri yedekleyebilir miyim?
In case the data gets lost, you had better back up everything again.	Verilerin kaybolması durumunda her şeyi yeniden yedeklersen iyi olur.
to detect	algılamak
panel / board (display, electrical)	pano
to head towards	yönelmek
In case the sensors detect smoke, heading to the panel is dangerous.	Sensörlerin duman algılaması halinde panoya yönelmek tehlikelidir.
to ring / to go off (alarm, bell)	çalmak
In case the system detects an error, the red alarm goes off.	Sistemin hata algılaması durumunda kırmızı alarm çalar.
switch / circuit breaker	şalter
In case a fire breaks out, you had better turn off the switch on the panel.	Yangın çıkması durumunda panodaki şalteri kapatırsan iyi olur.
In case the machine heats up, you have to turn off the switch immediately.	Makinenin ısınması halinde hemen şalteri kapatmak zorundasınız.
In case the fire alarm goes off, can we head to the emergency exit?	Yangın alarmının çalması durumunda acil çıkışa yönelebilir miyiz?
cool-headed / calm (composed under pressure)	soğukkanlı
In case the flames grow, you have to stay cool-headed.	Alevlerin büyümesi halinde soğukkanlı olmak zorundasınız.
cylinder / tube	tüp
In case of an emergency, you have to use the fire extinguisher.	Acil bir durum olması halinde yangın tüpünü kullanmak zorundasınız.
procedure (formal, administrative)	prosedür
to assign	görevlendirmek
In case the procedure I prepared changes, can we assign new people?	Hazırladığım prosedürün değişmesi durumunda yeni birilerini görevlendirebilir miyiz?
In case a crisis arises, you have to assign a cool-headed person.	Kriz çıkması halinde soğukkanlı birini görevlendirmek zorundasınız.
In case there is an electrical fault, you had better apply the procedure.	Elektrik arızası olması durumunda prosedürü uygularsanız iyi olur.
In case the smoke spreads, you have to take the extinguisher and leave.	Dumanın yayılması halinde tüpü almak ve çıkmak zorundasınız.
drug, narcotic	uyuşturucu
In case drugs are found, the penalty gets heavier.	Uyuşturucu bulunması halinde ceza ağırlaşır.
Using drugs is very dangerous.	Uyuşturucu kullanmak çok tehlikeli.
fight, quarrel	kavga
In case the fight grows, the police are called.	Kavga büyümesi halinde polis çağrılır.
A big fight broke out last night.	Dün akşam büyük bir kavga çıktı.

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