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### Expressing Surprise: Nasıl da

To express astonishment at a situation—especially a dramatic transformation—Turkish uses a structure similar to English exclamations like "How he has changed!"

By combining the question word **nasıl** (how) with the separate intensifying particle **da**, you create an exclamation of intense surprise or emotion. Because you are often remarking on a change that happened out of sight or over time, this structure is frequently paired with verbs of transformation and the inferential past tense (**-mış / -miş**).

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### Emphasizing Extent: Ne kadar da

When you want to emphasize *how much* someone or something has changed, you can swap **nasıl** for **ne kadar** (how much). Just like before, add the particle **da** to intensify the exclamation.

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### Putting It Together

You will often hear these structures used side by side to emphasize different aspects of growing up, aging, or modernizing. 

While the inferential past tense is most common for changes you are just now noticing the results of, the definite past tense (**-dı / -di**) can also be used when making a firm, immediate observation about how things have become nowadays (**şimdilerde**).

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Exclamations with da/de (Nasıl da...! / Ne kadar da...!)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
over time	zamanla
to transform completely	başkalaşmak
How that old street has transformed over time!	O eski sokak zamanla nasıl da başkalaşmış!
to modernize	modernleşmek
How much the city has modernized over time!	Şehir zamanla ne kadar da modernleşmiş!
for years	senelerce
to grow old (become elderly)	ihtiyarlamak
How the man has aged after living there for years!	Senelerce orada yaşadıktan sonra adam nasıl da ihtiyarlamış!
to mature	olgunlaşmak
He must have worked for years, how much he has matured!	Senelerce çalışmıştır, ne kadar da olgunlaşmış!
to grow shorter	kısalmak
Winter must have come by now, how the days have shortened!	Artık kış gelmiş olmalı, günler nasıl da kısalmış!
to grow taller / to be extended, to lengthen (of time)	uzamak
How the children have grown taller!	Çocukların boyu ne kadar da uzamış!
to rejuvenate	gençleşmek
After getting a haircut, how the woman has rejuvenated!	Saçını kestirdikten sonra kadın nasıl da gençleşmiş!
How the child has grown, and how much he has matured!	Çocuk nasıl da büyümüş, ne kadar da olgunlaşmış!
After it rained, how the weather has cooled down!	Yağmur yağdıktan sonra hava nasıl da soğumuş!
How that old building has modernized!	O eski bina nasıl da modernleşmiş!
nowadays	şimdilerde
How much that man has transformed nowadays, how he has grown younger!	Şimdilerde o adam ne kadar da başkalaştı, nasıl da gençleşti!
How that woman has grown old nowadays, how much her height has shortened!	Şimdilerde şu kadın nasıl da ihtiyarladı, boyu ne kadar da kısaldı!
How much the child's hair has grown!	Çocuğun saçı ne kadar da uzadı!
seriously, really (colloquial)	cidden
I am seriously very tired.	Cidden çok yoruldum.
Did you really do this?	Cidden bunu sen mi yaptın?

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