Evidential Clefts with "ki"
When you want to state a conclusion based on your observations, Turkish uses an evidential structure similar to the English phrases "It seems that..." or "It is understood that...".
This is formed by taking a verb (often passive or reflexive), turning it into a substantivized relative participle with -(y)An, and pairing it with o ki (that which is).
- görünmek (to appear/be seen) -> görünen o ki (it seems that / the seen thing is that)
- anlaşılmak (to be understood) -> anlaşılan o ki (it is understood that / apparently)
- bilinmek (to be known) -> bilinen o ki (it is known that)
The conjunction ki links this introductory deduction to the main sentence that follows it.
| It seems that the meeting finished early. | Görünen o ki toplantı erken bitti. |
| It appears that you are very tired. | Görünen o ki sen çok yorgunsun. |
| It is understood that they are lying. | Anlaşılan o ki onlar yalan söylüyor. |
| It is known that he won the award. | Bilinen o ki o ödülü kazandı. |
Making Deductions from Body Language
These evidential structures are highly useful when making a deduction (çıkarım) or analyzing (çözümlemek) someone's behavior. You can state your observation in the first clause, and follow it up with your conclusion using görünen o ki or anlaşılan o ki.
| I cannot help but analyze his body language; it seems that he is hiding things from me. | Beden dilini çözümlemeden duramıyorum; görünen o ki benden bir şeyler saklıyor. |
| It is understood that the inconsistencies in the story he told contradict the facts. | Anlaşılan o ki, anlattığı hikâyedeki tutarsızlıklar gerçeklerle çelişiyor. |
Spotting Deceptions and Inconsistencies
When a person attempts to mislead (yanıltmak) or fabricate a deception (aldatmaca), their involuntary (istemsiz) reactions often fail to match (örtüşmek) their words. You can use evidential clefts to point out these contradictions.
| His words do not match his body language; it is understood that he wants to mislead us. | Sözleri beden diliyle örtüşmüyor; anlaşılan o ki bizi yanıltmak istiyor. |
| It seems that the man's involuntary reactions do not match what he told. | Görünen o ki, adamın istemsiz tepkileri anlattıklarıyla örtüşmüyor. |
| His hands are trembling; it seems that he was caught. | Elleri titriyor; görünen o ki yakalandı. |