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### Asking "Why?"

To ask for a reason, use the question word **neden** (why).

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### Giving Reasons with "Çünkü" (Because)

To answer a **neden** question or explain a reason, use the conjunction **çünkü** (because). 

Just like in English, state what is happening, add **çünkü**, and give the reason.

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### Explaining Feelings and Situations

Use **çünkü** to explain physical states, emotions, or everyday occurrences.

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### Explaining Decisions

You can also pair **çünkü** with negative verbs to explain why you decide *not* to do something.

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Causality conjunction (çünkü)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
why	neden
busy	meşgul
Why are you busy today?	Bugün neden meşgulsün?
because	çünkü
homework	ödev
to do homework	ödev yapmak
I am busy because I am doing homework.	Meşgulüm çünkü ödev yapıyorum.
necessary	gerekli
Why is this medicine necessary?	Bu ilaç neden gerekli?
I am reading this book because it is necessary.	Bu kitabı okuyorum çünkü gerekli.
to feel	hissetmek
Why do you feel tired?	Neden yorgun hissediyorsun?
I am resting because I feel tired.	Dinleniyorum çünkü yorgun hissediyorum.
to ache	ağrımak
Why does your head ache?	Senin başın neden ağrıyor?
noisy	gürültülü
His head aches because the street is noisy.	Onun başı ağrıyor çünkü sokak gürültülü.
angry (mad, furious)	kızgın
Why is the teacher angry?	Öğretmen neden kızgın?
He is angry because the students are very lazy.	O kızgın çünkü öğrenciler çok tembel.
I am not going to the park because it is raining.	Parka gitmiyorum çünkü yağmur yağıyor.
I am not opening the window because the street is noisy.	Pencereyi açmıyorum çünkü sokak gürültülü.
dark	karanlık
I am not doing the homework here because it is dark.	Ödevi burada yapmıyorum çünkü karanlık.
The child is crying because the room is very dark.	Çocuk ağlıyor çünkü oda çok karanlık.
He is not doing homework because he is tired.	Ödev yapmıyor çünkü yorgun.
unhappy	mutsuz
I am unhappy because my friend is not here.	Mutsuzum çünkü arkadaşım burada değil.
The child is unhappy; he doesn't laugh at all.	Çocuk mutsuz, hiç gülmüyor.
cheerful	neşeli
My father is very cheerful today; he is singing a song.	Babam bugün çok neşeli, şarkı söylüyor.
We are listening to cheerful music.	Neşeli müzik dinliyoruz.
cute, lovable	sevimli
This cat is very cute.	Bu kedi çok sevimli.
My dog is cute but a little lazy.	Köpeğim sevimli ama biraz tembel.
ugly	çirkin
This building is very ugly.	Bu bina çok çirkin.
This hat is not ugly; it is beautiful.	Bu şapka çirkin değil, güzel.

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