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### Adding Degree to Adjectives

Just like in English, Turkish degree modifiers go directly before the adjective they modify.

Use **çok** to mean "very" or "a lot":

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Use **biraz** to mean "a little" or "slightly":

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### Softening with "Değil"

Combine **çok** with **değil** (not) to say something is "not very" hot, interesting, or expensive.

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### Contrasts and Connections

You can place two descriptive sentences side-by-side to emphasize a contrast.

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To describe a subject with multiple qualities, connect your modified adjectives using **ve** (and).

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Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
a little	biraz
He is a little tired today.	O bugün biraz yorgun.
excited	heyecanlı
The child is very excited.	Çocuk çok heyecanlı.
clean	temiz
This room is very clean.	Bu oda çok temiz.
dirty	kirli
The kitchen is a little dirty.	Mutfak biraz kirli.
narrow / tight	dar
The shirt is very tight.	Gömlek çok dar.
The new bed is a little small.	Yeni yatak biraz küçük.
boring	sıkıcı
The film is a little boring.	Film biraz sıkıcı.
quiet	sessiz
The street is very quiet now.	Sokak şimdi çok sessiz.
The lesson is very difficult.	Ders çok zor.
The man is very old and a little sick.	Adam çok yaşlı ve biraz hasta.
interesting	ilginç
The novel is not very interesting.	Roman çok ilginç değil.
angry	sinirli
The boss is not very angry; he is a little tired.	Patron çok sinirli değil, biraz yorgun.
The coffee is not very hot.	Kahve çok sıcak değil.
The ticket is not very expensive.	Bilet çok pahalı değil.
The soup is a little cold; it is not very hot.	Çorba biraz soğuk, çok sıcak değil.
wide / spacious	geniş
This room is very wide. That room is a little narrow.	Bu oda çok geniş. Şu oda biraz dar.
The kitchen is very clean. The bathroom is a little dirty.	Mutfak çok temiz. Banyo biraz kirli.
The teacher is a little angry. The students are very excited.	Öğretmen biraz sinirli. Öğrenciler çok heyecanlı.
The book is very interesting. The movie is a little boring.	Kitap çok ilginç. Film biraz sıkıcı.
The library is very quiet and very wide.	Kütüphane çok sessiz ve çok geniş.
completely / fully	tamamen
The house is completely clean.	Ev tamamen temiz.
The street is completely silent.	Sokak tamamen sessiz.
filthy, nasty	pis
This restroom is very filthy.	Bu tuvalet çok pis.
There is a nasty smell.	Pis bir koku var.
My hands are very dirty.	Ellerim çok pis.