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### Expressing Limited Knowledge

When you want to state a fact but acknowledge that your perspective or information might be incomplete, you use phrases like "as far as I know" or "from what I see." In Turkish, this is done using the structure **-dIğI kadarıyla**.

This construction is built in four steps:
1. The verb root (e.g., **bil-** for "to know")
2. The participle suffix **-dIk** (which softens to **-dığ**, **-diğ**, **-duğ**, or **-düğ** because of the following vowel)
3. A possessive suffix showing whose perspective it is (e.g., **-im** for "my")
4. The fixed word **kadarıyla** (which literally means "with its amount/extent")

- **bilmek** (to know) -> **bildiğim kadarıyla** (as far as I know)
- **duymak** (to hear) -> **duyduğum kadarıyla** (as far as I have heard)
- **anlamak** (to understand) -> **anladığım kadarıyla** (as far as I understand)
- **görmek** (to see) -> **gördüğüm kadarıyla** (as far as I see)

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### Changing the Subject

Because the subject is indicated by the possessive suffix attached to the verb, you can easily change "as far as *I* know" to "as far as *we* know" by simply swapping the "my" suffix (**-im**) for the "our" suffix (**-imiz**).

- **bil-** + **diğ** + **imiz** + **kadarıyla** = **bildiğimiz kadarıyla** (as far as we know)

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### Gathering Local Knowledge

This structure isn't limited to basic verbs of perception. You can attach it to any verb related to memory, observation, or information gathering. As you ask around town or look into local rumors, you can apply the exact same formula to verbs like **soruşturmak** (to investigate), **hatırlamak** (to remember), or **gözlemlemek** (to observe).

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As far as I know (-dIğI kadarıyla)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
headman (of a village or neighborhood)	muhtar
As far as I know, the headman is not in his office today.	Bildiğim kadarıyla, muhtar bugün ofisinde değil.
vicinity / surroundings (proximity / nearby area)	civar
As far as I have heard, there is a very good restaurant in this vicinity.	Duyduğum kadarıyla, bu civarda çok iyi bir lokanta var.
to investigate / to ask around	soruşturmak
As far as I investigated, this is not just a simple accident.	Soruşturduğum kadarıyla, bu sadece basit bir kaza değil.
fair / carnival (event / funfair)	panayır
As far as I understand, the municipality will cancel the fair this year.	Anladığım kadarıyla, belediye bu yıl panayırı iptal edecek.
town / small municipality (administrative division)	belde
As far as I see, this town is not only quiet but also safe.	Gördüğüm kadarıyla, bu belde sadece sessiz değil, aynı zamanda güvenli.
regional / local (cultural or traditional to a specific area)	yöresel
As far as I remember, they sell the regional foods only here.	Hatırladığım kadarıyla, yöresel yemekleri sadece burada satıyorlar.
fellow townsman	hemşehri
As far as I understand, our fellow townsmen are against this plan.	Anladığım kadarıyla, hemşehrilerimiz bu plana karşı.
district governor	kaymakam
As far as we know, the district governor and the headman will meet tomorrow.	Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, kaymakam ve muhtar yarın buluşacak.
hearsay / information received	duyum
Even if you investigate, you cannot learn anything about these rumors.	Soruştursan bile, bu duyumlar hakkında hiçbir şey öğrenemezsin.
As far as I have learned, there are no forests at all in the vicinity of this town.	Öğrendiğim kadarıyla, bu beldenin civarında hiç orman yok.
As far as I noticed, they sell only regional products at the fair.	Fark ettiğim kadarıyla, panayırda sadece yöresel ürünler satıyorlar.
impression	izlenim
As far as I observed, the district governor wants to leave a positive impression.	Gözlemlediğim kadarıyla, kaymakam olumlu bir izlenim bırakmak istiyor.
As far as I heard, our fellow townsmen are not very pleased with this decision.	Duyduğum kadarıyla, hemşehrilerimiz bu karardan pek memnun değil.
Exactly where did you hear these rumors?	Bu duyumları tam olarak nerede duydun?
As far as I know, the public's impression about the new headman is positive.	Bildiğim kadarıyla, halkın yeni muhtar hakkında izlenimi olumlu.