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### The Similarity Suffix: `-(I)msI` / `-sI`

To describe something that resembles another object or texture, Turkish uses a suffix that roughly translates to "-like" or "-ish". Depending on the word, it takes the form `-sI` or `-(I)msI` (following 4-way vowel harmony).

Many nouns take the `-sI` form (`-sı`, `-si`, `-su`, `-sü`):
- `ipek` (silk) becomes `ipeksi` (silky)
- `cam` (glass) becomes `camsı` (glass-like)

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Other words, including shapes, take `-(I)msI` (`-msı`, `-msi`, `-msu`, `-msü`):
- `küre` (sphere) becomes `küremsi` (spherical)

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### Approximating Colors: `-(I)msI` and `-(I)mtırak`

When describing colors that aren't exact, use these suffixes to mean "-ish" (like "whitish" or "greenish"). 

Colors often take the `-(I)msI` form. If the color ends in a consonant, a harmonized buffer vowel is added (`-ımsı`, `-imsi`, `-umsu`, `-ümsü`).

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Alternatively, use the suffix `-(I)mtırak`. It has the exact same meaning but is used almost exclusively with colors and tastes. 

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### Examining Antiques

These approximation suffixes are particularly useful for describing the peculiar textures and faded colors of antiques. When an appraiser (`eksper`) examines items for an auction (`müzayede`), they will often note these nuanced details in their reports.

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Approximation suffixes (-mtIrak / -msI)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
silk	ipek
texture	doku
This old vase has a silky texture.	Bu eski vazonun ipeksi bir dokusu var.
The texture of the fabric is not only soft but also silky.	Kumaşın dokusu sadece yumuşak değil, aynı zamanda ipeksi.
pale	soluk
The colors of the painting look pale and yellowish.	Tablonun renkleri soluk ve sarımtırak görünüyor.
auction	müzayede
They sold this pale, bluish carpet at the auction.	Bu soluk, mavimtırak halıyı müzayedede sattılar.
appraiser	eksper
The appraiser will examine all the antique items before the auction.	Eksper, müzayededen önce bütün antika eşyaları inceleyecek.
Which of the appraisers will examine this greenish statue?	Eksperlerden hangisi bu yeşilimtırak heykeli inceleyecek?
sphere	küre
pattern (design, motif)	desen
There are strange patterns on this spherical box.	Bu küremsi kutunun üzerinde garip desenler var.
The appraiser checked the spherical statue and added the patterns to the report.	Eksper, küremsi heykeli kontrol edip desenleri rapora ekledi.
transparent	saydam
appearance	görünüm
Because it has a transparent and glass-like appearance, it is very valuable.	Saydam ve camsı bir görünümü olduğu için çok değerli.
This whitish stone has a transparent appearance.	Bu beyazımsı taşın saydam bir görünümü var.
imitation	taklit
The appearance of imitation vases is usually pale and grayish.	Taklit vazoların görünümü genellikle soluk ve grimsi olur.
I wanted to buy an original painting, but they sold me an imitation.	Orijinal bir tablo almak istedim ama bana taklit sattılar.
This antique vase has a yellowish color, right?	Bu antika vazonun sarımtırak bir rengi var, değil mi?
The surface of the porcelain has a silky texture.	Porselenin yüzeyi ipeksi bir dokuya sahip.
The old statue has a bluish appearance.	Eski heykelin mavimsi bir görünümü var.
I found a greenish stone on the antique ring.	Antika yüzükte yeşilimsi bir taş buldum.