Learn Swedish: Domaren tror att kvinnan blir dömd idag. - The judge believes that the woman is being sentenced today.

We use bli + past participle to form the dynamic passive, which describes an action or a change happening right now ("is being sentenced" or "gets sentenced"). If we used är dömd, it would describe a completed state, meaning the sentencing was already finished.

Why is the past participle dömd and not dömt or dömda?

In a passive sentence using bli, the past participle acts like an adjective and has to agree with the subject. Since the subject kvinnan is a singular en-word, we use the base form dömd. If the subject were an ett-word, we would use dömt, and for plural subjects, it would be dömda.

Could we use the s-passive (döms) instead of blir dömd?

Yes, kvinnan döms idag would also be perfectly correct and means the same thing. The bli passive is very common in everyday spoken Swedish, while the s-passive is slightly more formal and often used in writing.

Why is "the judge" written as domaren instead of adding a full -en?