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Swedish often pairs a verb with a short word (like a preposition or an adverb) to create a new meaning. These are called **particle verbs**.

For example, the verb *ställa* means "to place" or "to stand", but when you add the particle *tillbaka* (back), it becomes "to put back".

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### Stress Patterns

In Swedish, particle verbs follow a strict pronunciation rule: **the stress always falls on the particle**, not the verb. If you were clearing out a messy garage, you wouldn't say "KASTA bort", you would emphasize the second word: "kasta **bort**". 

### Word Order

In a basic sentence in the present or past tense, the particle sits right next to the verb, immediately followed by the object.

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**Using adverbs like *inte***

In a main clause, sentence adverbs like *inte* (not) or *redan* (already) must come directly after the conjugated verb. Because the action verb is conjugated in simple tenses, the adverb steps directly *between* the verb and its particle.

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### Compound Tenses

When using an auxiliary verb like *hade* (had), the auxiliary verb takes the conjugated spot. The main verb shifts later in the sentence and stays glued to its particle.

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If you add an adverb like *inte* or *redan* to a compound tense, it still directly follows the conjugated verb (*hade*). The main verb and the particle remain grouped together later in the clause.

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Particle verbs

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
to clear away	plocka undan
the trash	skräpet
the garage	garaget
We had cleared away the trash in the garage.	Vi hade plockat undan skräpet i garaget.
to carry out	bära ut
He carried out the heavy boxes.	Han bar ut de tunga lådorna.
to throw away	kasta bort
the trash bag	sopsäcken
I am not throwing away that trash bag.	Jag kastar inte bort den där sopsäcken.
to put back	ställa tillbaka
We put back the things on the shelf.	Vi ställde tillbaka sakerna på hyllan.
to bring out	ta fram
She brought out a red bicycle.	Hon tog fram en röd cykel.
to give away	skänka bort
They are giving away their old clothes.	De skänker bort sina gamla kläder.
I had not put back the tool.	Jag hade inte ställt tillbaka verktyget.
messy	rörig
It is always messy in the garage.	Det är alltid rörigt i garaget.
He had already cleared away the trash.	Han hade redan plockat undan skräpet.
We are carrying out the heavy trash bags now.	Vi bär ut de tunga sopsäckarna nu.
I am throwing it away.	Jag kastar bort den.
The garage was messy, so she had brought out the trash bags.	Garaget var rörigt, så hon hade tagit fram sopsäckarna.
He did not give away the red bicycle.	Han skänkte inte bort den röda cykeln.
to remember (the everyday phrase)	komma ihåg
I remember the name.	Jag kommer ihåg namnet.
Do you remember me?	Kommer du ihåg mig?
to remove, to take away	ta bort
Can you take away the chair?	Kan du ta bort stolen?
We are taking away the table.	Vi tar bort bordet.
to get up, to rise	gå upp
I get up at six o'clock.	Jag går upp klockan sex.
The sun rises early in the summer.	Solen går upp tidigt på sommaren.
to arrive, to get there	komma fram
The train arrives at ten o'clock.	Tåget kommer fram klockan tio.
We arrived late yesterday.	Vi kom fram sent igår.
to look, to appear	se ut
She looks tired.	Hon ser trött ut.
What does the house look like?	Hur ser huset ut?

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