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Este curso he aprendido mucho castellano.

Este curso he aprendido mucho castellano.
This school year I have learned a lot of Castilian.
From Lesson 125:Learning Spanish (pronunciar, corregir)·Spanish (Spain)

Questions & Answers about Este curso he aprendido mucho castellano.

Why is "curso" translated as "school year" instead of just "course"?
While curso can mean a specific class, in Spain it is also the standard word for the academic school year. Saying este curso is a very natural way to say "this school year".
Why use "he aprendido" (I have learned) instead of the simple past "aprendí" (I learned)?
In Spain, the present perfect tense (he aprendido) is used for past actions that happen in a time period that isn't over yet. Because the speaker says este curso (this school year), the year is still ongoing, so we use the present tense of haber (he) plus the past participle aprendido.
Does "mucho" change its ending depending on what you are learning?
Yes! Because mucho (a lot of) describes the noun castellano here, it acts as an adjective and must match its gender and number. Castellano is masculine and singular, so it stays mucho. If you learned "many things", it would change to match: muchas cosas.
Why does the speaker say "castellano" instead of "español"?
In Spain, castellano (Castilian) is used interchangeably with español to mean the Spanish language. It is especially common to say castellano inside Spain to distinguish it from the other regional languages spoken there, like Catalan, Galician, or Basque.

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