Learn Spanish (Latin America): Ella usó una brocha sucia, de modo que el barniz quedó feo. - She used a dirty paintbrush, so the varnish turned out ugly.

Ella usó una brocha sucia, de modo que el barniz quedó feo.

She used a dirty paintbrush, so the varnish turned out ugly.

Breakdown of Ella usó una brocha sucia, de modo que el barniz quedó feo.

Questions & Answers about Ella usó una brocha sucia, de modo que el barniz quedó feo.

Why does this sentence use the indicative quedó after de modo que instead of the subjunctive?

In this sentence, de modo que introduces an actual, factual result that already happened: the varnish turned out ugly. You use the indicative when stating a real result. You only use the subjunctive after de modo que when it introduces an intended purpose (doing something so that a specific outcome might happen).

How would we say this if her actual goal was to make the varnish look ugly on purpose?

You would change the verb in the second clause to the past subjunctive: Ella usó una brocha sucia, de modo que el barniz quedara feo. Using the subjunctive shifts the meaning of de modo que from a simple result ("so it turned out ugly") to an intended purpose ("in order for it to turn out ugly").

Why use quedó here instead of fue or estuvo?

The verb quedar is the most natural choice in Spanish for expressing how something "ended up" or "turned out" after a process, change, or action. While estuvo feo just describes its general state, quedó feo emphasizes the final result of the painting process.

Is there a difference between brocha and pincel for "paintbrush"?