Learn Spanish (Latin America): ¿Escucha usted música?

In Spanish, a common way to ask a yes/no question is to swap the order of the subject (usted) and the verb (escucha). While ¿Usted escucha música? is also correct, putting the verb first like ¿Escucha usted música? is a very natural way to signal that you are asking a question.

Where is the word for 'Do' in this sentence?

Spanish doesn't use 'helper' verbs like 'do' or 'does' to make questions. Instead, you just use the main verb and either raise your pitch at the end of the sentence or swap the verb and subject, as in ¿Escucha usted...? (which translates literally as 'Listen you...?').

Why isn't there a word for 'to' after escucha?

In English, we say 'listen to music', but in Spanish, the verb escuchar already means 'to listen to'. You don't need an extra word for 'to'; you just put the thing you are listening to directly after the verb, making it escucha música.

How would this change if I was talking to a friend instead of using the formal usted?

You would use the informal 'you' (tú) and change the verb to match it. The sentence would become ¿Escuchas tú música? or simply ¿Escuchas música? because the -s ending on the verb already tells the listener that the subject is tú.