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### Negative Informal Commands

When taking care of an infant, you will often need to tell people (or a crawling baby!) what *not* to do. To form negative informal (**tú**) commands for regular verbs, start with **no**, drop the infinitive ending, and add the "opposite" vowel plus **-s**:

- For **-ar** verbs, add **-es**.
- For **-er** and **-ir** verbs, add **-as**.

| Infinitive | Negative **tú** Command |
| --- | --- |
| **hablar** (to speak) | **no hables** |
| **tirar** (to throw) | **no tires** |
| **comer** (to eat) | **no comas** |

Here are **-ar** verbs taking the **-es** ending:

{{item:778808}}

{{item:778811}}

{{item:778789}}

{{item:778791}}

And an **-er** verb taking the **-as** ending:

{{item:778793}}

Negative informal commands (no hables, no comas)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

expression

interjection

noun

numeral

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (yo soy)

Noun gender and definite articles (el, la)

Basic sentences and negation (no)

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Formal and informal you (tú vs. usted)

Plural pronouns and the verb to be (somos, son)

Making nouns plural (-s, -es)

Plural articles (los, las, unos, unas)

Noun gender exceptions

Adjective agreement

Invariable adjectives

State and location (estar)

Ser vs. estar

There is / there are (hay)

Hay vs. estar

To have (tener)

Possession (de)

Possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su)

Regular -ar verbs

Yes/No questions

What and who (qué, quién)

Regular -er verbs

Regular -ir verbs

Asking where (dónde, adónde)

How, when, and why (cómo, cuándo, por qué)

How much and how many (cuánto)

Days of the week

Going to a place (ir a)

Preposition contractions (al, del)

In and by (en)

With me and with you (conmigo, contigo)

Prepositional pronouns (mí, ti)

Conjunctions (y, o, pero)

Giving reasons (porque)

Stem-changing verbs (e to ie)

Stem-changing verbs (o to ue)

Stem-changing verbs (e to i)

Irregular yo forms (hago, salgo)

To know (saber vs. conocer)

Weather expressions (hace, está)

Desires and plans (querer)

Ability and requests (poder)

Obligations (tener que)

Expressing likes (me gusta)

Plural likes (me gustan)

Verbs like gustar (encantar, doler)

Very vs. a lot (muy, mucho)

Numbers 0 to 15 (cero, uno, dos…)

Numbers 16 to 31 (dieciséis, veinte…)

Numbers 30 to 1000 (treinta, cien, mil)

Months of the year (enero, febrero, marzo)

Seasons and dates (el dos de mayo)

Telling time (es la..., son las...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero, segundo, tercero)

Reflexive pronouns and verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

The present continuous (estar + -ando, -iendo)

Near demonstrative adjectives (este, esta, estos, estas)

Medium demonstrative adjectives (ese, esa, esos, esas)

Comparatives of inequality (más / menos ... que)

Comparatives of equality (tan ... como)

Indefinite and negative pronouns (algo, nada, alguien, nadie)

Affirmative commands

Far demonstratives (aquel, aquella)

Possessive pronouns (el mío, el tuyo)

Shortened indefinite adjectives (algún, ningún)

Adverbs of quantity (demasiado, bastante)

Adverbs of frequency (a menudo, a veces)

Adverb formation (-mente)

Exclamations (¡Qué...!)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Relative superlatives (el más... de)

Adjective intensification (-ísimo)

Indirect object pronouns

Pronoun placement with infinitives

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

The 'se lo' rule (se lo, se la)

Impersonal statements (se)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Personal obligation (deber)

Starting actions (empezar a)

Finishing and quitting actions (terminar de, dejar de)

Repeating actions (volver a)

Continuing actions (seguir + gerundio)

Question	Answer
to dirty	ensuciar
crib	la cuna
Do not dirty the crib.	No ensucies la cuna.
baby bottle	el biberón
Do not leave the baby bottle in the crib.	No dejes el biberón en la cuna.
baby food	la papilla
Do not eat the baby food because it is for the baby.	No comas la papilla porque es para el bebé.
to throw	tirar
stuffed animal	el peluche
Do not throw the stuffed animal on the floor.	No tires el peluche al piso.
cream	la crema
Do not use that cream because the baby has an allergy.	No uses esa crema porque el bebé tiene alergia.
to crawl	gatear
Do not crawl near the stairs!	¡No gatees cerca de la escalera!
What a beautiful crib!	¡Qué cuna tan bonita!
stroller	el cochecito
Do not forget the baby bottle in the stroller.	No olvides el biberón en el cochecito.
Do not dirty the stroller with the baby food.	No ensucies el cochecito con la papilla.
diaper	el pañal
It is necessary to buy a bigger diaper.	Hay que comprar un pañal más grande.
Do not crawl on the dirty floor.	No gatees en el piso sucio.
Do not speak loudly because the baby is sleeping.	No hables fuerte porque el bebé duerme.
This stuffed animal is prettier than the old toy.	Este peluche es más bonito que el juguete viejo.
Do not leave the cream on the table.	No dejes la crema en la mesa.
Don't throw the diaper on the floor.	No tires el pañal al piso.