To state the reason or cause for a consequence—like getting in trouble at a very strict library—use the preposition por followed by an infinitive. This translates to "for [doing something]."
| They just banned him for underlining the books. | Lo acaban de expulsar por subrayar los libros. |
| They confiscated my ID for tearing the cover. | Me retuvieron la credencial por romper la portada. |
The verb immediately following por stays in the infinitive. The main verb in the sentence establishes the consequence.
| He received a permanent warning for yelling in the library. | Él recibió un aviso permanente por gritar en la biblioteca. |
Just like in English, you can also use por followed directly by a noun to state the cause of a situation.
| They just gave me the warning for the delay. | Me acaban de dar el aviso por la demora. |
| They have to pay for the delay. | Tienen que pagar por la demora. |
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