Breakdown of Всякий сообразительный инженер использует любые подручные инструменты, у него есть смекалка и находчивость.
и
and
он
he / it (for a masculine noun) / it (for a neuter noun)
у
at, by
есть
is, there is, to have
Questions & Answers about Всякий сообразительный инженер использует любые подручные инструменты, у него есть смекалка и находчивость.
Why does this sentence use Всякий for the engineer but любые for the tools?
This perfectly highlights their exact difference! Всякий is used for the engineer to mean 'every kind of' or 'any given', generalizing the group. Любой is used for the tools to emphasize absolute free choice, meaning 'absolutely any tool, no matter which one'. While каждый (each) just counts individual items, всякий generalizes them by type, and любые removes all limits on choice.
What is the literal meaning of the word подручные here?
It is formed from the prefix под- (under) and the root руч- from рука (hand). It literally means 'under the hand'. It translates perfectly to the English concepts of being 'at hand', 'handy', or readily available right in front of you.
Since Всякий сообразительный инженер refers to engineers in general, why does the second half use the singular у него instead of a plural pronoun?
In Russian, grammatical agreement usually wins over the general conceptual meaning. Because инженер is a singular masculine noun, the pronoun referring back to it must also be singular masculine. While in English we often use the singular 'they' for a generalized person, Russian sticks strictly to the grammatical gender and number of the original noun, hence у него.
Are смекалка and находчивость just the exact same thing?