Breakdown of Эта дорогая услуга не включена в цену.
не
not
этот
this [f: эта, n: это]
в
in / to (direction)
дорогой
expensive
Questions & Answers about Эта дорогая услуга не включена в цену.
Why do we use включена here instead of the regular past tense verb включила?
включила is an active verb meaning "she included", but here the service is receiving the action ("is included"). This requires the passive voice. When a past passive participle acts as the main predicate of a sentence, Russian uses the short form. It agrees with the feminine subject услуга, which is why it ends in -а.
How is the exact form включена created?
It is derived from the perfective verb включить (to include). The full, long-form past passive participle is включённый. To make the short form for a feminine subject, we drop the adjectival ending and add -а. Notice that the stress falls on that final -а, which is a very common stress pattern for feminine short participles.
English says "in the price", which sounds like a static location. Why do we use the accusative case в цену instead of the prepositional в цене?
Verbs of including or adding (like включить) imply an action directed into a category or amount. Because of this sense of figurative movement or transfer into something, Russian requires the preposition в followed by the accusative case, rather than the prepositional case used for static locations.
Where is the word for "is" in this sentence?