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### Counting Small Quantities: 2, 3, and 4

In Russian, when you count small quantities using the numbers 2, 3, and 4, the noun that follows takes the **Genitive singular** form.

As a quick reminder, to form the Genitive singular:
- **Masculine & Neuter** nouns usually take **-а** or **-я** (**год** → **года**, **слово** → **слова**).
- **Feminine** nouns usually take **-ы** or **-и** (**собака** → **собаки**, **неделя** → **недели**).

### The Number Two: два and две

The number "two" changes depending on the grammatical gender of the noun you are counting:
- Use **два** for masculine and neuter nouns.
- Use **две** for feminine nouns.

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**Неделя** (week) is a feminine noun, so it uses **две** and takes the Genitive singular ending **-и**.

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### The Numbers Three and Four

Unlike "two", the numbers **три** (three) and **четыре** (four) do not change for gender. You use the exact same number word for masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns, while still putting the noun in the Genitive singular.

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### Combining Amounts

You can easily mix and match these numbers to describe lengths of time or amounts of different things. Just remember to match each noun to its correct Genitive singular form.

{{item:897728}}

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Numbers 2, 3, and 4

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative (это)

Noun gender

Soft-sign nouns (-ь)

Subject pronouns (я, ты, он...)

Yes/no questions (да / нет)

Basic interrogatives (кто / что)

Basic negation (не)

Coordinating conjunctions (и / а)

Possessive pronouns (мой, твой, наш, ваш)

Demonstrative pronouns (этот, эта, это)

Adjective agreement

Which and whose (какой, чей)

First conjugation verbs, singular (-ать)

First conjugation verbs, plural (-ать)

Second conjugation verbs (-ить)

Irregular present tense verbs

Adverbs of manner (как, очень)

Locations in prepositional case (в / на)

Prepositional case modifiers (-ом, -ой)

Topics of speech (о, об)

Direct objects (-у, -ю)

Direct object pronouns (меня, тебя)

Verbs of motion (идти, ехать)

Destination (куда, в, на)

Plural nouns (-ы, -и, -а, -я)

Irregular plural nouns (друзья, дети)

Plural adjectives and pronouns (-ые, -ие)

Numbers 1 to 10 (один, два, три)

Possession with pronouns (у меня есть)

Possession with nouns (-а, -я, -ы, -и)

Genitive of negation (нет)

Quantities with mass nouns (сколько, много, мало)

Animate direct objects

The past tense of to be (был, была, было, были)

Regular past tense verbs

Time sequence expressions (вчера, завтра, раньше, потом)

Verb aspect in the past tense

Dative personal pronouns (мне, тебе, ему)

Expressing likes (нравится, нравятся)

Absence (нет)

Expressing age (год, года, лет)

Indirect objects (-у, -ю, -е)

Modal verbs (хотеть, мочь)

Reason and contrast (поэтому, но)

Double negation (ничего, никогда)

Reflexive verbs (-ся, -сь)

Polite requests and instructions (-ите, -йте)

Days of the week (в + Accusative)

Compound future tense (буду...)

Simple future tense

Accompaniment (с)

Multidirectional verbs of motion (ходить, ездить)

Greetings and goodbyes (здравствуйте, привет)

Thank you and sorry (спасибо, извините)

Countries and languages (русский, английский)

Meeting people (меня зовут, как дела)

Public transport (трамвай, остановка)

Left, right and the compass (слева, справа)

Places in the city (цирк, зоопарк)

Fruit and vegetables (помидор, огурец)

Post and travel (открытка, чемодан)

Family and relatives (внук, родственник)

Jobs and professions (инженер, продавец)

Sport and games (футбол, теннис)

Describing people (умный, сильный)

Health and the body (болен, здоровье)

The months of the year (январь, февраль)

Accusative feminine and inanimate adjectives (-ую, -юю)

Accusative animate masculine adjectives (-ого, -его)

Short-form adjectives (готов, занят)

Personal obligation (должен, должна)

Professions in the instrumental case

Genitive singular adjectives and possessives

Prepositions of absence and purpose (без, для)

Dative singular adjectives and possessives

Impersonal states (мне холодно)

Impersonal obligation (надо, нужно)

Impersonal permission (можно / нельзя)

Instrumental adjectives and pronouns

Reciprocal verbs (с + Instrumental)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (свой)

Reflexive pronouns (себя)

Specific indefinite pronouns (-то)

Non-specific indefinite pronouns (-нибудь)

Negative pronouns (никто / ничто)

Numbers 11 to 20

Tens to 100

Question	Answer
year	год
I have been working here for two years.	Я работаю здесь два года.
They have been living there for three years.	Они живут там три года.
month	месяц
My brother has been working there for three years and two months.	Мой брат работает там три года и два месяца.
lesson	урок
We have two lessons.	У нас есть два урока.
He is buying two tickets.	Он покупает два билета.
I have two questions.	У меня есть два вопроса.
two (f)	две
week	неделя
The student has been studying the language for two weeks.	Студент изучает язык две недели.
You have two computers.	У тебя есть два компьютера.
mistake	ошибка
There are three mistakes in the text.	В тексте три ошибки.
We have four apples.	У нас есть четыре яблока.
hour	час
We have been walking for two hours.	Мы идём пешком два часа.
I have three ideas.	У меня есть три идеи.
Anna has three dogs.	У Анны есть три собаки.
He is writing two letters.	Он пишет два письма.
I am buying three bananas.	Я покупаю три банана.
I have been reading this text for four hours.	Я читаю этот текст четыре часа.
minute	минута
We have two weeks and three minutes.	У нас есть две недели и три минуты.
word	слово
I see two words and three mistakes.	Я вижу два слова и три ошибки.
The student has three lessons and four months.	У студента есть три урока и четыре месяца.
Anna is writing four words.	Анна пишет четыре слова.
ruble	рубль
I have three rubles and four minutes.	У меня есть три рубля и четыре минуты.
Ivan has two rubles.	У Ивана есть два рубля.
what time is it	сколько времени
What time is it?	Сколько времени?
Excuse me, what time is it?	Извините, сколько времени?
metre	метр
It is two metres here.	Здесь два метра.
The room is four metres.	Комната — четыре метра.
kilometre	километр
That is three kilometres.	Это три километра.
The park is two kilometres away.	Парк — два километра.

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