Learn Romanian: Cafeaua caldă este în cana mare. - The hot coffee is in the big mug.

Cafeaua means "the coffee." In Romanian, the word for "the" is attached to the end of the noun. The base word is cafea. For feminine words that end in -ea, the suffix you add to say "the" is -ua.

Doesn't Romanian usually drop the attached "the" after prepositions like în? Why is it în cana here?

Great catch! Normally, after prepositions like în (in) or pe (on), the noun drops the attached "the" (so you would just say în cană for "in the mug"). But there is an exception: if the noun is followed by a descriptive adjective (like mare), the "the" comes back! So it becomes în cana mare.

Why is the word for hot caldă and not cald?

In Romanian, adjectives change to match the gender of the noun they describe. Since cafea is a feminine noun, the basic masculine adjective cald changes to its feminine form by adding an -ă, becoming caldă.

If adjectives change to match the noun, why isn't mare (big) spelled differently to match the feminine noun cana?