Learn Portuguese (Portugal): Queres almoçar comigo hoje? - Do you want to have lunch with me today?

In Portuguese, the preposition com (with) combines with certain pronouns to make a brand-new word. Instead of saying "com" plus "mim", you must use the special combined word comigo (with me). You will also see this happen with "with you" (informal), which becomes contigo.

Why doesn't the sentence say "Tu queres"? Can I just leave the word for "you" out?

Yes! In Portuguese, the verb ending usually tells you exactly who is doing the action. Because queres specifically means "you want" (informal singular), adding the pronoun tu is optional. Native speakers usually leave it out unless they want to add emphasis.

In English we say "have lunch". Why is it just one word, almoçar, in Portuguese?

Portuguese has a specific action word just for eating lunch: the verb almoçar. You don't need to use a separate verb for "to have" or "to eat" alongside it. The same thing happens with dinner: "to have dinner" is just one verb, jantar.

Why is almoçar in its basic dictionary form instead of being conjugated?

When you have two verbs right next to each other to express a single idea, like "want to have lunch", you only conjugate the first verb (queres). The second verb stays in its basic, un-conjugated form (called the infinitive), which in this case is almoçar.