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Portuguese (Portugal)

In English, we use pronouns like "himself" or "herself" when a subject interacts with itself. In European Portuguese, when a third-person subject acts upon itself after a preposition, we use the special reflexives **si** and **consigo**.

### "With Himself": Using *Consigo*

To say "with himself," "with herself," or "with themselves," Portuguese combines *com* (with) and the reflexive *si* into a single word: **consigo**. Use this instead of *com ele* to show the subject is doing something with themselves, not someone else.

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### Adding Emphasis: *Próprio* and *Mesmo*

To add emphasis and avoid ambiguity, you can attach **próprio** or **mesmo** ("own" or "self") immediately after the reflexive. These must agree in gender and number with the subject.

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### After Other Prepositions: Using *Si*

For other prepositions—such as *para* (for/to) or *por* (for/by)—use the standalone reflexive **si**. It is frequently paired with *mesmo* or *próprio*.

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Because the emphatic adjective must match the subject, a woman requires the feminine *mesma* or *própria*.

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Third-person prepositional reflexives (si, consigo)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the monk	o monge
sacred	sagrado
with himself / herself (reflexive)	consigo
The monk brings the sacred book with him.	O monge traz o livro sagrado consigo.
the hermit	o ermitão
the cave	a gruta
The hermit talks to himself in the cave.	O ermitão fala consigo próprio na gruta.
the solitude	a solidão
Although he lives in solitude, the monk is not sad.	Embora viva na solidão, o monge não é triste.
to renounce	renunciar a
The hermit renounces all luxury for himself.	O ermitão renuncia a todo o luxo para si mesmo.
Since he sleeps in the cave, he only brings his glasses with him.	Como dorme na gruta, ele só traz os óculos consigo.
to pray	rezar
the retreat	o retiro
The woman prays for herself in the sacred retreat.	A mulher reza por si mesma no retiro sagrado.
to contemplate	contemplar
He keeps the secret to himself when he contemplates the mountain.	Ele guarda o segredo para si próprio quando contempla a montanha.
the monastery	o mosteiro
I sleep little, but I prefer the solitude of the monastery.	Durmo pouco, mas prefiro a solidão do mosteiro.
Whoever it is, the monk prays for him and for himself.	Seja quem for, o monge reza por ele e por si próprio.
The hermit contemplates the retreat and keeps the peace with him.	O ermitão contempla o retiro e guarda a paz consigo.
He renounces the world and lives in the monastery.	Ele renuncia ao mundo e vive no mosteiro.