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Portuguese (Portugal)

### The Verb Ir (To Go)

The verb **ir** (to go) is one of the most frequently used verbs in Portuguese. It is highly irregular in the present tense, so you will need to memorize its forms:

| Pronoun | Form (Present Tense) |
|---|---|
| eu | **vou** |
| tu | **vais** |
| ele / ela / você | **vai** |
| nós | **vamos** |
| eles / elas / vocês | **vão** |

### Destinations and Transportation

When you talk about going somewhere, you will typically use the preposition **a** (to). Just like with *em*, the preposition **a** combines with definite articles (**o, a, os, as**) to say "to the":
- **a** + **o** = **ao** (to the, masculine)
- **a** + **a** = **à** (to the, feminine)

When you want to specify how you are getting to your destination, use the preposition **de** (by) followed directly by the mode of transportation, such as **de autocarro** (by bus) or **de metro** (by subway).

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### Making Plans and Adding Details

You can easily combine **ir** with question phrases you already know, like **a que horas** (at what time), to coordinate schedules around the city.

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You can also use conjunctions like **e** (and) or **mas** (but) to link ideas. Note that when you list multiple destinations, you must repeat the correct contraction (**ao** or **à**) for each new place.

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The verb to go (ir)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
to go	ir
the cinema	o cinema
the bus	o autocarro
I am going to the cinema by bus.	Vou ao cinema de autocarro.
the pharmacy	a farmácia
Are you going to the pharmacy now?	Vais à farmácia agora?
the beach	a praia
the subway	o metro
We are going to the beach by subway.	Vamos à praia de metro.
the bank	o banco
They are going to the bank today.	Eles vão ao banco hoje.
the park	o parque
The park is very beautiful, but I am going to the cinema.	O parque é muito bonito, mas eu vou ao cinema.
the party	a festa
Are you going to the party by bus?	Vocês vão à festa de autocarro?
The doctor is going to the bank and to the pharmacy.	A médica vai ao banco e à farmácia.
What time are we going to the park?	A que horas vamos ao parque?
The party starts at midnight and we are going by subway.	A festa começa à meia-noite e vamos de metro.
She is sick and is not going to the beach.	Ela está doente e não vai à praia.
to come	vir
I come from Lisbon.	Eu venho de Lisboa.
They come to the party.	Eles vêm à festa.
to stop	parar
The bus stops here.	O autocarro para aqui.
The train does not stop here.	O comboio não para aqui.

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