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### The preposition *com*

To say you are doing something "with" someone or something, use the preposition **com**. You will often use it as the opposite of doing things alone (**sozinho**).

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### Special pronoun forms: *comigo* and *contigo*

When **com** is followed by certain personal pronouns, the two words merge into a single, special word. 

- **comigo** = with me
- **contigo** = with you (informal singular)

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### Formal *you* and *us*: *consigo* and *connosco*

There are two more combined forms that are highly common in everyday conversations:

- **consigo** = with you (formal singular)
- **connosco** = with us

Use **consigo** when speaking to someone politely (such as a boss or someone you would address as *você*). 

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### Making invitations

These joined pronouns are especially useful when inviting (**convidar**) people to a gathering, such as a casual meeting (**o encontro**) or a meal.

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The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
alone	sozinho
I do not like to work alone.	Não gosto de trabalhar sozinho.
the concert	o concerto
The girl goes to the concert with the director's friend.	A rapariga vai ao concerto com o amigo do diretor.
to have lunch	almoçar
the bar	o bar
Today, we are having lunch at the bar.	Hoje, almoçamos no bar.
with me	comigo
Do you want to have lunch with me today?	Queres almoçar comigo hoje?
to go for a walk	passear
with you	contigo
I want to go for a walk with you.	Quero passear contigo.
with you (formal)	consigo
The boss cannot speak with you.	O chefe não pode falar consigo.
with us	connosco
She is going to the concert with us.	Ela vai ao concerto connosco.
I prefer to travel with the family, not alone.	Prefiro viajar com a família, não sozinho.
You cannot go to the bar with me.	Não podes ir ao bar comigo.
I need to have lunch with you tomorrow.	Preciso de almoçar contigo amanhã.
The director wants to go to the concert with you.	O diretor quer ir ao concerto consigo.
Do you want to go for a walk with us at the beach?	Vocês querem passear connosco na praia?
to invite	convidar
the group	o grupo
the meeting (casual or encounter)	o encontro
I have to invite the group. Do you want to go to the meeting with me?	Tenho de convidar o grupo. Queres ir ao encontro comigo?
The meeting is at ten o'clock. The director is going with you.	O encontro é às dez horas. O diretor vai consigo.
We have to invite the women. They can have lunch with us.	Temos de convidar as mulheres. Elas podem almoçar connosco.
The group cannot work with me today.	O grupo não pode trabalhar comigo hoje.
I have a meeting with you in the afternoon.	Tenho um encontro contigo à tarde.
good luck	boa sorte
Good luck at work!	Boa sorte no trabalho!
Good luck, friend!	Boa sorte, amigo!
without	sem
I drink the coffee without sugar.	Bebo o café sem açúcar.
He goes out without the coat.	Ele sai sem o casaco.
I cannot live without my family.	Não posso viver sem a minha família.
with you (plural)	convosco
We are going to the cinema with you.	Nós vamos convosco ao cinema.
He wants to talk with you today.	Ele quer falar convosco hoje.

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