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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Regular -ar Verbs

In Portuguese, verbs are grouped into three families based on their endings: **-ar**, **-er**, and **-ir**. The **-ar** family is the largest. 

To conjugate a regular **-ar** verb in the present tense, drop the **-ar** from the infinitive (the dictionary form) to find the stem, and then add the ending that matches the subject.

Here is the pattern using the verb **falar** (to speak):

| Pronoun | Ending | Conjugation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| eu | **-o** | **falo** |
| tu | **-as** | **falas** |
| ele / ela / você | **-a** | **fala** |
| nós | **-amos** | **falamos** |
| eles / elas / vocês | **-am** | **falam** |

{{item:943152}}

To express who you are speaking *with*, use the word **com**.

{{item:943154}}

### More Common -ar Verbs

Many essential daily actions are regular **-ar** verbs. They all follow the exact same pattern as **falar**.

**Trabalhar** (to work):

{{item:943157}}

{{item:943159}}

**Estudar** (to study):

{{item:943161}}

{{item:943162}}

**Morar** (to live):
To make a verb negative in Portuguese, simply place **não** directly before the verb.

{{item:943164}}

{{item:943165}}

**Comprar** (to buy):

{{item:943167}}

{{item:943174}}

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
to speak	falar
I speak Portuguese and English.	Eu falo português e inglês.
with	com
The boy speaks with the teacher.	O rapaz fala com o professor.
to work	trabalhar
the hospital	o hospital
He works in the hospital.	Ele trabalha no hospital.
the store	a loja
We work in the store.	Nós trabalhamos na loja.
to study	estudar
Do you study here?	Tu estudas aqui?
They study a lot.	Elas estudam muito.
to live	morar
I live in Lisbon.	Eu moro em Lisboa.
They do not live in the new house.	Eles não moram na casa nova.
to buy	comprar
The student buys a notebook.	O aluno compra um caderno.
the supermarket	o supermercado
We buy that in the supermarket.	Nós compramos isso no supermercado.
She works with her father.	Ela trabalha com o pai.
The store is new and the hospital is large.	A loja é nova e o hospital é grande.
The teacher is in the supermarket.	O professor está no supermercado.
the bread	o pão
I buy the bread in the supermarket.	Eu compro o pão no supermercado.
We buy the bread and the coffee here.	Nós compramos o pão e o café aqui.