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### The Subjunctive for Emotions

You have already learned to use the present subjunctive to express rules and necessity. Another major use of the subjunctive is to express subjective emotions—such as hopes, fears, joy, and sadness.

When your main clause expresses a feeling and is connected to a secondary clause by **que** (that) with a different subject, the verb in the secondary clause must be in the subjunctive mood.

### Expressing Fear and Annoyance

To discuss worries or relationship issues, you will frequently use verbs like **recear** (to fear) or phrases like **irrita-me que** (it annoys me that). Because your emotion is directed at someone else's actions, the following verb takes the subjunctive.

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### Impersonal Expressions of Emotion and Possibility

Just like you use impersonal phrases for necessity (*é preciso que*), you can use them to state an emotional reaction or an opinion. Expressions like **é bom que** (it is good that) or **é triste que** (it is sad that) trigger the subjunctive. The same applies to expressions of possibility, such as **é possível que** (it is possible that).

*Note on pronouns:* In subordinate clauses introduced by **que**, any reflexive or object pronouns are pulled immediately *before* the verb.

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### Hopes, Regrets, and Disappointments

Other common emotional triggers include **esperar que** (to hope that), **lamentar que** (to regret that), and **ter medo de que** (to be afraid that). Notice that **ter medo** is typically followed by the preposition **de** before **que**.

Remember that you form the present subjunctive by taking the *eu* form of the present indicative and swapping the ending vowel. This applies even to slightly irregular verbs: **desiludir** (to disappoint) becomes *desiluda* (from *eu desiludo*), and **trair** (to betray) becomes *traia* (from *eu traio*).

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Present subjunctive: Emotions

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
to fear	recear
the jealousy	o ciúme
I fear that jealousy destroys our relationship.	Eu receio que o ciúme destrua a nossa relação.
to annoy	irritar
jealous	ciumento
It annoys me a lot that you are so jealous.	Irrita-me muito que sejas tão ciumento.
to fall in love	apaixonar-se
Is it possible that you fall in love with her quickly?	É possível que te apaixones por ela rapidamente?
the passion	a paixão
It is good that passion does not die with time.	É bom que a paixão não morra com o tempo.
to betray	trair
Despite the jealousy, it is good that she does not betray her husband.	Apesar do ciúme, é bom que ela não traia o marido.
the disappointment	a desilusão
Despite the great passion, we fear that the relationship is a disappointment.	Apesar da grande paixão, receamos que a relação seja uma desilusão.
to disappoint	desiludir
I hope that you do not disappoint me, because I do not want another disappointment.	Espero que não me desiludas, porque não quero outra desilusão.
the feeling	o sentimento
It is sad that you do not understand this feeling and betray me.	É triste que não entendas este sentimento e me traias.
My father is afraid that my grade disappoints him.	O meu pai tem medo de que a minha nota o desiluda.
I regret that you do not show any feeling.	Lamento que não mostres nenhum sentimento.
I hope that you do not fall in love with a jealous man.	Espero que tu não te apaixones por um homem ciumento.
I fear that this noise irritates the teacher.	Receio que este barulho irrite o professor.