Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Portuguese (Portugal)

### Plural Pronouns and the Verb "Ser"

To talk about multiple people or things, you will need the plural subject pronouns:
- **nós** (we)
- **vocês** (you, plural)
- **eles** (they, masculine or mixed group)
- **elas** (they, strictly feminine)

These pronouns pair with the plural forms of the verb **ser** (to be):

| Pronoun | Verb (ser) |
|---|---|
| nós | somos |
| vocês | são |
| eles / elas | são |

### Basic Plurals for Nouns and Adjectives

When your subject is plural, any nouns and adjectives describing it must also be plural. For words ending in a vowel, simply add an **-s** to the end (for example, *americano* becomes *americanos*).

{{item:941773}}

{{item:941776}}

{{item:941780}}

{{item:941784}}

### Plural Definite Articles

Just like nouns and adjectives, definite articles must agree in number and gender. The singular articles *o* (the, masculine) and *a* (the, feminine) become **os** and **as** in the plural.

{{item:941788}}

{{item:941790}}

{{item:941782}}

{{item:941795}}

{{item:941802}}

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
we	nós
American	americano
We are American.	Nós somos americanos.
you (pl)	vocês
the doctor (m)	o médico
Are you (pl) doctors?	Vocês são médicos?
We are from London.	Nós somos de Londres.
Where are you (pl) from?	De onde são vocês?
they (m)	eles
Who are they?	Quem são eles?
new / young	novo
They are the new doctors.	Eles são os médicos novos.
they (f)	elas
Who are they (f)?	Quem são elas?
the doctor (f)	a médica
They (f) are not doctors.	Elas não são médicas.
We are the English teachers (f).	Nós somos as professoras de inglês.
The cars are new.	Os carros são novos.
small	pequeno
The houses are small.	As casas são pequenas.
The books are small.	Os livros são pequenos.
beautiful	bonito
The cats are beautiful.	Os gatos são bonitos.
The tables are not tall.	As mesas não são altas.
The girls are American.	As raparigas são americanas.
The female doctors are pretty.	As médicas são bonitas.
the student (m)	o aluno
They (m) are the tall students.	Eles são os alunos altos.
Are you the American students?	Vocês são os alunos americanos?
the student (f)	a aluna
They (f) are not the students from Lisbon.	Elas não são as alunas de Lisboa.
We are the new students (f).	Nós somos as alunas novas.