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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Possessives and the Definite Article

In European Portuguese, possessives like "my", "your", and "our" agree in gender and number with the object being owned, not the owner. They are also almost always preceded by a definite article (**o**, **a**, **os**, **as**).

| English | Masculine | Feminine |
| --- | --- | --- |
| my | **o meu** | **a minha** |
| your (informal) | **o teu** | **a tua** |
| our | **o nosso** | **a nossa** |

### My (o meu, a minha)

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When a possessive phrase follows a preposition like **em** (in/on/at), the preposition merges with the definite article exactly as it normally does (e.g., **em** + **o** = **no**).

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### Your (o teu, a tua)

Use **o teu** and **a tua** when speaking to someone informally (someone you would address as **tu**).

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### Our (o nosso, a nossa)

Remember, the gender of the possessive matches the noun being owned, regardless of the gender of the owners.

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My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
my (m/f/pl: meu, minha, meus, minhas)	meu
My car is new.	O meu carro é novo.
the computer	o computador
Where is my computer?	Onde está o meu computador?
your (informal, m/f/pl: teu, tua, teus, tuas)	teu
the son	o filho
Your son is tall.	O teu filho é alto.
Your house is big.	A tua casa é grande.
the money	o dinheiro
Do you have your money?	Tens o teu dinheiro?
the daughter	a filha
Do you speak with your daughter?	Falas com a tua filha?
our (m/f/pl: nosso, nossa, nossos, nossas)	nosso
the family	a família
Our family lives in Lisbon.	A nossa família mora em Lisboa.
Our daughter is at school.	A nossa filha está na escola.
Our son studies English.	O nosso filho estuda inglês.
My family does not live here.	A minha família não mora aqui.
My money is in my pocket.	O meu dinheiro está no meu bolso.
My computer is new.	O meu computador é novo.