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Portuguese (Portugal)

When discussing collections—like records or trading cards—you often need to talk about individual items or general choices. Two very useful indefinite pronouns for sorting through these options are **cada** (each) and **qualquer** (any).

### Cada (Each)

The word **cada** translates to "each" or "every". It is completely invariable, meaning it never changes form regardless of whether the noun it describes is masculine or feminine. It is always used with singular nouns.

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### Qualquer (Any)

The word **qualquer** means "any" in the affirmative sense of "whichever one you like".

Like *cada*, **qualquer** does not change based on the gender of the noun.

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### Trading and Collecting

Let's apply these pronouns to a common hobby: collecting and exchanging trading cards (**os cromos**). The verb for "to exchange" or "to trade" is **trocar**.

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Be careful not to mix up **qualquer** with negative words. If you want to say "not any" or "none" (as in having zero of an item), you must use the negative word **nenhum** that we learned previously.

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Indefinite pronouns (qualquer, cada)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
each	cada
the bookcase	a estante
I read each book on the bookcase.	Eu leio cada livro na estante.
any (whichever)	qualquer
the cover	a capa
Any cover is beautiful.	Qualquer capa é bonita.
the album	o álbum
Each album has a different cover.	Cada álbum tem uma capa diferente.
the record	o disco
You can choose any record.	Podes escolher qualquer disco.
rare	raro
Each rare record costs two hundred euros.	Cada disco raro custa duzentos euros.
complete	completo
This complete album is very rare.	Este álbum completo é muito raro.
This album is rarer than that one.	Este álbum é mais raro do que aquele.
The collection is more complete than yesterday.	A coleção está mais completa do que ontem.
Is your bookcase complete?	A vossa estante está completa?
to exchange	trocar
the trading card	o cromo
I am going to exchange each trading card.	Eu vou trocar cada cromo.
You can give me any trading card.	Podes dar-me qualquer cromo.
They can exchange anything.	Eles podem trocar qualquer coisa.
We do not exchange any trading card today.	Não trocamos nenhum cromo hoje.
There is dust on each bookcase.	Há pó em cada estante.