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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Whoever, Whatever, and Wherever

In addition to *se* (if) and *quando* (when), you use the future subjunctive (*futuro do conjuntivo*) when referring to an indefinite person, thing, or place in the future.

Pairing relative pronouns like **quem**, **o que**, and **onde** with the future subjunctive expresses "whoever," "whatever," and "wherever."

### *Quem* (Whoever)

To say "whoever" or "anyone who" will do something in the future, use **quem** followed by the future subjunctive. Regular verbs use their infinitive base, while irregular verbs use a special stem (like *ter* becoming *tiver*).

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### *O que* (Whatever)

To express "whatever" or "anything that" happens in the future, use **o que** followed by the future subjunctive.

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Remember that irregular verbs maintain their irregular future subjunctive bases here. For example, *fazer* (to do/make) uses the base **fizer**.

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### *Onde* (Wherever)

When referring to an unknown future location ("wherever" or "any place where"), use **onde** with the future subjunctive.

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### Adding Prepositions

If the main verb of your sentence requires a preposition, that preposition goes directly before the relative pronoun. 

For example, the verb *votar* (to vote) is followed by the preposition **em**. To say "vote for whoever," you will use **votar em quem**. Similarly, to give a vote *to* someone, you use the preposition **a** (**dar um voto a quem**).

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Future relative clauses (quem, o que, onde)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the talent	o talento
the audition	a audição
Whoever has a lot of talent wins the audition.	Quem tiver muito talento ganha a audição.
the jury	o júri
to evaluate	avaliar
the contestant	o concorrente
The jury is going to evaluate whatever the contestants do.	O júri vai avaliar o que os concorrentes fizerem.
the performance	a atuação
Wherever the contestant dances, we are going to see the performance.	Onde o concorrente dançar, vamos ver a atuação.
the winner	o vencedor
the vote	o voto
The winner is going to be whoever receives more votes.	O vencedor vai ser quem receber mais votos.
to vote	votar
I prefer that you vote for whoever shows talent.	Eu prefiro que tu votes em quem mostrar talento.
They are going to give a vote to whoever does a good performance.	Eles vão dar um voto a quem fizer uma boa atuação.
to perform	atuar
I am going to evaluate whoever performs tomorrow, therefore I need to rest.	Vou avaliar quem atuar amanhã, portanto preciso de descansar.
The winner is going to do whatever the jury asks.	O vencedor vai fazer o que o júri pedir.
We are going to perform wherever the jury decides.	Nós vamos atuar onde o júri decidir.
The jury is going to evaluate whatever they sing during the performance.	O júri vai avaliar o que eles cantarem durante a atuação.
I want you to vote for whoever performs well.	Quero que tu votes em quem atuar bem.
Whoever wins the audition will receive the prize.	Quem ganhar a audição vai receber o prémio.
anywhere	em qualquer lado
I leave my keys just anywhere.	Deixo as chaves em qualquer lado.
You can study anywhere.	Podes estudar em qualquer lado.
nowhere	em lado nenhum
I can't find the cat anywhere.	Não encontro o gato em lado nenhum.
I don't see the dog anywhere.	Não vejo o cão em lado nenhum.
everywhere	em todo o lado
There are tourists everywhere.	Há turistas em todo o lado.
I looked everywhere.	Procurei em todo o lado.

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