Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Portuguese (Portugal)

### Double Past Participles

You already know how to form regular past participles by adding **-ado** or **-ido** to a verb. However, a special group of verbs has **particípios duplos** (double past participles). These verbs have both a regular, longer form and an irregular, shorter form.

The rule for choosing which one to use is entirely based on the auxiliary (helper) verb in the sentence:

- Use the **regular** form with **ter** (to have) for active compound tenses, like the Past Perfect Compound.
- Use the **irregular** form with **ser** (to be) or **estar** (to be) for passive sentences, or when using the participle purely as an adjective.

Let's see this in action with the verb **suspender** (to suspend). It has the regular form **suspendido** and the irregular form **suspenso**:

{{item:998952}}

{{item:998954}}

### Essential Double Participles

Here are the most common verbs with double participles that you will encounter when dealing with bureaucracy and documents.

| Infinitive | Regular (with *ter*) | Irregular (with *ser* / *estar*) |
|---|---|---|
| suspender (to suspend) | suspendido | suspenso |
| isentar (to exempt) | isentado | isento |
| entregar (to deliver) | entregado | entregue |
| imprimir (to print) | imprimido | impresso |
| aceitar (to accept) | aceitado | aceite |

*Note: Because the irregular forms are used with "ser" or "estar", they act like adjectives. This means their endings must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe (e.g., **isento**, **isenta**, **isentos**, **isentas**). The regular form used with "ter" always remains unchanged.*

### Forms in Action

Here is how these double participles look in everyday administrative contexts, switching between the active voice and passive or descriptive states.

**Isentar** (to exempt):

{{item:998957}}

{{item:998960}}

**Entregar** (to deliver):

{{item:998964}}

{{item:998967}}

{{item:998968}}

**Imprimir** (to print) and **Aceitar** (to accept):

{{item:998969}}

{{item:998970}}

{{item:998972}}

{{item:998971}}

Double past participles

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the bureaucracy	a burocracia
to fill out	preencher
the form	o formulário
The bureaucracy is complicated, therefore I fill out the form.	A burocracia é complicada, portanto eu preencho o formulário.
I see that you had not filled out the other form.	Eu vejo que tu não tinhas preenchido o outro formulário.
to suspend	suspender
the file (legal, administrative)	o processo
The director had suspended the file.	O diretor tinha suspendido o processo.
suspended	suspenso
The file is suspended, which is a problem.	O processo está suspenso, o que é um problema.
We had suspended the bureaucracy.	Nós tínhamos suspendido a burocracia.
to exempt	isentar
They had exempted the client from the fee.	Eles tinham isentado o cliente da taxa.
the original	o original
exempt	isento
The original is exempt from taxes.	O original está isento de impostos.
the application	o requerimento
The application is also exempt.	O requerimento também está isento.
The clerk had exempted the application.	O funcionário tinha isentado o requerimento.
We had delivered the original to the clerk.	Nós tínhamos entregado o original ao funcionário.
the stamp (rubber stamp)	o carimbo
delivered	entregue
The stamp was delivered yesterday.	O carimbo foi entregue ontem.
The delivered document has a stamp.	O documento entregue tem um carimbo.
I had printed the file while you were reading.	Eu tinha imprimido o processo enquanto tu lias.
The printed application is on the desk.	O requerimento impresso está na secretária.
He gives what is accepted.	Ele dá aquilo que está aceite.
I had accepted the bureaucracy.	Eu tinha aceitado a burocracia.
The other file is also suspended.	O outro processo também está suspenso.