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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Setting the Terms

When you sign a contract or read the terms of a subscription, you will often encounter strict conditions and exceptions. In Portuguese, these are expressed using specific conjunctions that require the **Subjunctive** mood to show that the events are contingent or hypothetical.

### Conditions: Contanto que

To express a firm condition, we use **contanto que** (provided that). Because it introduces a requirement that must be met in order for something else to happen, it triggers the **Present Subjunctive**.

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Notice how the verbs immediately following *contanto que* (*pagues*, *seja*, and *sejam*) are all conjugated in the present subjunctive.

### Exceptions: Salvo se and Exceto se

To establish an exception to a rule, we use **salvo se** or **exceto se**. Both of these phrases mean "unless" and are completely interchangeable.

Because these exceptions usually refer to a potential action or a hypothetical scenario that might happen, they trigger the **Future Subjunctive**.

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As you read the fine print in these agreements, pay attention to the future subjunctive verbs (such as *cancelar*, *houver*, and *mentir*) right after *salvo se* and *exceto se*.

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Conditions and exceptions (salvo se, exceto se, contanto que)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the subscription	a subscrição
provided that	contanto que
the penalty (punishment)	a penalização
You can cancel the subscription provided that you pay the penalty.	Podes cancelar a subscrição contanto que pagues a penalização.
the subscriber	o assinante
unless	salvo se
The subscriber pays double the penalty unless he cancels the subscription today.	O assinante paga o dobro da penalização salvo se cancelar a subscrição hoje.
the clause	a cláusula
unless	exceto se
We accept the clause unless there is an error.	Aceitamos a cláusula exceto se houver um erro.
I sign the contract provided that the subscription is cheap.	Assino o contrato contanto que a subscrição seja barata.
While you work here, you do not pay the subscription unless you ignore the rules.	Enquanto trabalhas aqui, não pagas a subscrição exceto se ignorares as regras.
The clause protects the subscriber, unless he lies.	A cláusula protege o assinante, salvo se ele mentir.
I feel comfortable with the contract provided that we divide the bill.	Sinto-me confortável com o contrato contanto que nós dividamos a conta.
annual	anual
I do not renew the annual subscription unless they lower the price.	Não renovo a subscrição anual salvo se eles baixarem o preço.
We maintain this clause, unless there is a penalty.	Mantemos esta cláusula, exceto se houver uma penalização.
the term (word, expression)	o termo
The subscriber agrees provided that the terms are clear.	O assinante concorda contanto que os termos sejam claros.
You pay the annual fee, provided that you accept the term.	Tu pagas a taxa anual, contanto que aceites o termo.
monthly	mensal
The subscription is monthly, unless you choose another deadline.	A subscrição é mensal, salvo se escolheres outro prazo.
They demand the monthly fee, unless you cancel the contract.	Eles exigem a taxa mensal, exceto se tu cancelares o contrato.