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### Answering the Phone

**Está lá?** is how EP answers the phone — literally *is (someone) there?* The reply is *Estou (sim)*. No *olá* needed.

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### Small Kindnesses

| formula | when |
|---|---|
| **as melhoras** | get well soon — *As melhoras para a tua mãe!* |
| **bom apetite** | before a meal |
| **igualmente** | likewise — the reply to both |
| **os meus sentimentos**' cousin **que pena** | sympathy: what a pity |
| **o beijinho** | the kiss that ends calls and messages |
| **se faz favor** | please — the EP twin of *por favor* |
| **socorro!** | help! |

### Saying Yes Without Yes

| | |
|---|---|
| **com certeza** | of course, certainly |
| **pode ser** | that works / could be |
| **é para já** | coming right up |
| **a sério?** | seriously? |
| **deixa lá** | never mind |

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### Turning Feeling into a Sentence — Que...!

**que + adjective or noun** builds the exclamation: *Que bonito!* (how pretty!), *Que pena!* (what a pity!), *Que surpresa!* No verb, no article — feeling, packed small. With a noun phrase: *Que casa tão gira!*


As fórmulas de todos os dias (está lá, as melhoras)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
hello? (answering the phone)	está lá
Hello? Who is speaking?	Está lá? Quem fala?
Hello? I cannot hear anything.	Está lá? Não ouço nada.
get well soon	as melhoras
Get well wishes to your mother!	As melhoras para a tua mãe!
You are ill? Get well soon!	Estás doente? As melhoras!
enjoy your meal	bom apetite
Enjoy your meal, everyone!	Bom apetite a todos!
The waiter says enjoy your meal.	O empregado diz bom apetite.
likewise / same to you	igualmente
Have a good trip! — Thanks, you too.	Boa viagem! — Obrigado, igualmente.
Have a good weekend! — Likewise!	Bom fim de semana! — Igualmente!
what a pity	que pena
What a pity, the museum is closed.	Que pena, o museu está fechado.
You cannot come? What a pity!	Não podes vir? Que pena!
the little kiss (greeting/closing)	o beijinho
A kiss for grandma.	Um beijinho para a avó.
See you tomorrow, kisses!	Até amanhã, beijinhos!
please (EP)	se faz favor
A coffee, please.	Um café, se faz favor.
Close the door, please.	Fecha a porta, se faz favor.
help!	socorro
Help! There is a fire in the kitchen!	Socorro! Há fogo na cozinha!
She cried for help.	Ela gritou por socorro.
of course, certainly	com certeza
Can you help? — Of course.	Podes ajudar? — Com certeza.
We are certainly going to the party.	Com certeza que vamos à festa.
that works / could be	pode ser
Could it be tomorrow?	Pode ser amanhã?
Coffee for everyone? — Works for me.	Café para todos? — Pode ser.
coming right up	é para já
Two coffees? Coming right up!	Dois cafés? É para já!
Lunch is coming right up.	O almoço é para já.
seriously, really	a sério
Seriously? He won?	A sério? Ele ganhou?
I am serious.	Falo a sério.
never mind	deixa lá
Never mind, no harm done.	Deixa lá, não faz mal.
You lost the game? Never mind.	Perdeste o jogo? Deixa lá.

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