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### Answering the Phone

**Está lá?** is how EP answers the phone — literally *is (someone) there?* The reply is *Estou (sim)*. No *olá* needed.

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### Small Kindnesses

| formula | when |
|---|---|
| **as melhoras** | get well soon — *As melhoras para a tua mãe!* |
| **bom apetite** | before a meal |
| **igualmente** | likewise — the reply to both |
| **os meus sentimentos**' cousin **que pena** | sympathy: what a pity |
| **o beijinho** | the kiss that ends calls and messages |
| **se faz favor** | please — the EP twin of *por favor* |
| **socorro!** | help! |

### Saying Yes Without Yes

| | |
|---|---|
| **com certeza** | of course, certainly |
| **pode ser** | that works / could be |
| **é para já** | coming right up |
| **a sério?** | seriously? |
| **deixa lá** | never mind |

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### Turning Feeling into a Sentence — Que...!

**que + adjective or noun** builds the exclamation: *Que bonito!* (how pretty!), *Que pena!* (what a pity!), *Que surpresa!* No verb, no article — feeling, packed small. With a noun phrase: *Que casa tão gira!*


As fórmulas de todos os dias (está lá, as melhoras)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

formula	when
as melhoras	get well soon — As melhoras para a tua mãe!
bom apetite	before a meal
igualmente	likewise — the reply to both
os meus sentimentos' cousin que pena	sympathy: what a pity
o beijinho	the kiss that ends calls and messages
se faz favor	please — the EP twin of por favor
socorro!	help!


com certeza	of course, certainly
pode ser	that works / could be
é para já	coming right up
a sério?	seriously?
deixa lá	never mind

Answering the Phone

Small Kindnesses

Saying Yes Without Yes

Turning Feeling into a Sentence — Que...!

Contributors