Breakdown of Pani Kowalska i pani Zielińska mają nowe profile zawodowe.
i
and
pani
madam / Mrs.
mieć
to have
nowy
new
profil
profile
zawodowy
professional (occupational, by profession)
Kowalska
Kowalska
Zielińska
Zielińska
Questions & Answers about Pani Kowalska i pani Zielińska mają nowe profile zawodowe.
Why do the surnames end in -ska instead of -ski?
In Polish, surnames ending in -ski, -cki, and -dzki decline exactly like adjectives. Since we are talking about women (pani), these surnames must take the feminine adjectival ending -a, becoming Kowalska and Zielińska. The masculine forms are Kowalski and Zieliński.
If we were talking about Mr. Kowalski and Mrs. Kowalska as a couple, how would their shared surname look?
If they are a mixed-gender couple, you use the masculine personal (virile) plural form of the adjectival surname. You would say państwo Kowalscy (Mr. and Mrs. Kowalski).
Why is it nowe profile zawodowe instead of nowi profile zawodowi?
The noun profil is masculine inanimate. In the plural, it falls into the non-masculine-personal (non-virile) category. Therefore, its adjectives must take the matching non-masculine-personal ending -e (nowe, zawodowe) rather than the masculine-personal endings used for men.
Why is the second pani written in lowercase?
Unlike English titles (Mr., Mrs.), Polish courtesy titles like pan and pani are regular nouns and are written in lowercase. The first Pani is capitalized here only because it is the first word of the sentence.
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