Learn Polish: Czy mógłbym pomóc tym pięćdziesięciu fundacjom charytatywnym? - Could I help these fifty charitable foundations?

In Polish, the verb pomóc (to help) always forces the person or thing being helped into the Dative case. Because of this, the entire phrase meaning "these fifty charitable foundations" must take Dative endings.

How does the number 50 change in this sentence?

The basic dictionary form is pięćdziesiąt. For numerals 5 and above, the Dative, Locative, and Instrumental cases all take the ending -u. Here, it becomes pięćdziesięciu. Notice that the nasal vowel in the middle also shifts from -ą- to -ę-.

If the noun fundacjom gets the regular Dative plural ending -om, why doesn't the number match it?

Unlike adjectives and nouns, numerals 5 and above follow their own special declension pattern. While nouns in the Dative plural almost always end in -om, these higher numbers use the -u ending for all oblique cases (Dative, Instrumental, and Locative) regardless of the noun's gender.

How do we know the person asking this question is male?

We can tell by looking at the conditional verb mógłbym (could I). Conditional verbs are built on past tense forms, and mógł- is masculine. If a female speaker were asking, she would say mogłabym.