Questions & Answers about Szef sprawdzi ten dokument.
Why doesn't this sentence use będzie to make the future tense?
Because sprawdzić (to check) is a perfective verb. Perfective verbs describe an action that will be fully completed. In Polish, when you put present-tense endings on a perfective verb stem, it automatically creates the future tense. So, sprawdzi means "will check", and no extra helper words are needed!
How do we get the form sprawdzi from the dictionary form sprawdzić?
You drop the -ć to find the stem, and then apply the ending for the "he/she/it" form. For this group of verbs, that 3rd-person singular ending is just -i. Since szef (the boss) is doing the action, we use this "he" form.
Why does ten dokument look exactly like its dictionary form if it receives the action?
Because dokument is a masculine inanimate noun (a non-living thing). In the Accusative case (used for the direct object of a verb), masculine inanimate nouns and their attached words like ten do not change their endings. They look exactly like they do in the Nominative (subject) case.
How do we know it translates to "the boss" and not "a boss"?
Polish doesn't have articles like "a", "an", or "the". You always have to figure it out from context. Because the sentence points out a specific document (ten dokument), it usually implies we are talking about a specific boss as well.