Breakdown of Nowa prezeska zarządza firmą i wspiera inne kobiety.
i
and
kobieta
woman
nowy
new
firma
company
inny
other
wspierać
to support (to help, to back someone)
zarządzać
to manage
prezeska
female president
Questions & Answers about Nowa prezeska zarządza firmą i wspiera inne kobiety.
How is the feminine title prezeska formed from the masculine version?
Prezeska is formed by taking the masculine noun prezes (president or chairman) and adding the feminine suffix -ka. While historically Polish often used masculine titles for high-ranking female professionals (like pani prezes), feminine forms (feminatywy) like prezeska are perfectly correct and increasingly common today.
Is there a difference in nuance between using prezeska versus pani prezes?
Yes. Pani prezes is the traditional, formal approach where the title remains masculine but is preceded by pani to indicate a woman. Prezeska is a single-word feminine equivalent. Using prezeska is often a conscious choice to make women's roles more visible in language, though both are grammatically correct.
Why do we use the instrumental case (firmą) after the verb zarządza?
The verb zarządzać (to manage or direct) strongly governs the instrumental case. Even though 'company' is the direct object in English, Polish treats managing as an action done 'by means of' or 'with' something. Therefore, the nominative firma becomes the instrumental firmą.
If inne kobiety is the direct object of wspiera, why doesn't its ending change for the accusative case?
It actually is in the accusative case! For all plural nouns except masculine-personal ones (a group that includes women, animals, and objects), the accusative plural is identical to the nominative plural. So the nominative kobiety remains kobiety in the accusative when functioning as a direct object.
Learn Nowa prezeska zarządza firmą i wspiera inne kobiety and more in Polish
All course content and exercises are completely free — no paywalls, no trial periods, no signup needed.
- ✓ Practice with interactive exercises
- ✓ Track your progress with spaced repetition
- ✓Learn at your own pace — completely free