Breakdown of Ktokolwiek by zszedł do tej otchłani, musi uważać na ciśnienie.
ten
this (m)
na
on, at / to (motion toward) / for (a meal) / for (waiting for)
musieć
to have to
do
to
uważać
to watch out
ktokolwiek
whoever
ciśnienie
pressure
zejść
to go down
by
would (free conditional particle: można by, trzeba by)
otchłań
abyss
Questions & Answers about Ktokolwiek by zszedł do tej otchłani, musi uważać na ciśnienie.
Why is the past tense verb zszedł used when the sentence refers to a future or hypothetical descent?
The structure -kolwiek by requires the conditional mood, which in Polish is formed using the past-tense L-participle (zszedł) plus the particle by. So, while it uses a past-tense form, the addition of by creates a hypothetical meaning that applies to the present or future.
Why is by a separate word here, and can I attach it to the verb instead?
Otchłań ends in a consonant. Why does it take the -i ending in do tej otchłani?
The preposition do requires the genitive case. Otchłań (abyss) is one of those special feminine nouns that end in a soft consonant in the nominative. These nouns typically take the -i ending in the genitive case, just like miłość becomes miłości.
Why is there a na before ciśnienie?
The verb uważać means to watch out or to pay attention when it is followed by na plus the accusative case (ciśnienie is a neuter noun in the accusative here). If you used it without na, it would change the meaning to consider or to believe.
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