Breakdown of Mimo zaistniałej awarii ten projekt został ukończony na czas.
ten
this (m)
na
on, at / to (motion toward) / for (a meal) / for (waiting for)
projekt
project
czas
time
mimo
despite
awaria
the breakdown
ukończyć
to complete
zostać
to be (passive auxiliary)
zaistniały
arisen
Questions & Answers about Mimo zaistniałej awarii ten projekt został ukończony na czas.
How is this sentence an example of syntactic reduction?
Instead of using a full subordinate clause with a verb, like Mimo że zaistniała awaria (Even though a breakdown occurred), this sentence condenses the idea into a prepositional phrase: Mimo zaistniałej awarii (Despite the occurred breakdown). This nominalization makes the sentence sound much more professional and formal, which is typical for business or technical reports.
What kind of word is zaistniałej and why does it have this ending?
It is a past active participle from the perfective verb zaistnieć (to occur), functioning just like an adjective meaning "which has occurred." It takes the ending -ej because it must be in the genitive feminine singular to match awarii, which is forced into the genitive case by the preposition mimo.
Why do we use został here for the passive voice instead of był?
Polish uses the auxiliary verb zostać to form the passive voice when the main verb is perfective (showing a completed action). Because ukończony comes from the perfective verb ukończyć (to finish completely), we must pair it with został. If the action were ongoing (imperfective), we would use był.
Does awaria mean "failure" in the sense of a mistake or bad idea?
No, awaria strictly refers to a physical, mechanical, or technical breakdown, such as a crashed server or a broken pipe. If you want to talk about an abstract failure, like a project being a complete disaster or a personal failure, you should use the word porażka.
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