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### Accusative Relative Pronouns

You have already learned how to use the relative pronoun **który** (*who*, *which*, *that*) when it is the subject of its own clause. 

However, if the relative pronoun is the direct object of its clause—for example, in the phrase "the book *that* I am reading", where "that" receives the action of reading—you must use the **Accusative** case.

As always, the relative pronoun matches the gender of the noun it describes, and the relative clause is always preceded by a comma.

### Feminine and Neuter Forms

- Feminine nouns take **którą**.
- Neuter nouns take **które** (identical to the nominative form).

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### Masculine Forms

For masculine nouns, the accusative form depends on whether the noun refers to a living being or an object:

- Masculine inanimate (objects): **który** (identical to the nominative form).
- Masculine animate and personal (people and animals): **którego**.

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### Case Depends on the Clause

The case of the relative pronoun depends purely on its job inside the *new* clause. It doesn't matter if the original noun was the subject or object of the main sentence. If someone inside the relative clause is acting upon the pronoun, use the Accusative.

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Relative pronouns in the accusative (którego, którą, które)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Question	Answer
novel	powieść
to recommend (perfective)	polecić
This is the novel that you recommended to me.	To powieść, którą mi poleciłeś.
Can you recommend a film that I must watch?	Czy możesz polecić film, który muszę obejrzeć?
director (film, theater)	reżyser
to invite (perfective)	zaprosić
The director that we invited is very famous.	Reżyser, którego zaprosiliśmy, jest bardzo znany.
Where is the girl that you invited to the cinema?	Gdzie jest dziewczyna, którą zaprosiłeś do kina?
to lose	zgubić
I found the phone that I lost yesterday.	Znalazłem telefon, który wczoraj zgubiłem.
female singer	piosenkarka
I saw the singer that you like.	Widziałem piosenkarkę, którą lubisz.
to sell	sprzedać
He sold the car that he bought a year ago.	Sprzedał samochód, który kupił rok temu.
This is the child that I saw in the park.	To dziecko, które widziałem w parku.
poem	wiersz
I am reading the poem that he wrote for me.	Czytam wiersz, który dla mnie napisał.
role	rola
to choose (perfective)	wybrać
I do not like the role that you chose.	Nie podoba mi się rola, którą wybrałeś.
I want to read the novel that we chose yesterday.	Chcę przeczytać powieść, którą wczoraj wybraliśmy.
She lost the poem that she wrote at school.	Zgubiła wiersz, który napisała w szkole.
The director sold the house that he bought in Warsaw.	Reżyser sprzedał dom, który kupił w Warszawie.
The singer is playing a role that you know well.	Piosenkarka gra rolę, którą dobrze znasz.
I don't know the boy that we invited.	Nie znam chłopca, którego zaprosiliśmy.
She lost the photo that I gave her.	Zgubiła zdjęcie, które jej dałem.