Breakdown of Reżyser, którego zaprosiliśmy, jest bardzo znany.
być
to be
bardzo
very
znany
known
który
which, who (relative)
reżyser
director (film, theater)
zaprosić
to invite (perfective)
Questions & Answers about Reżyser, którego zaprosiliśmy, jest bardzo znany.
Why do we use którego instead of just który?
The pronoun który changes case depending on its role in its own part of the sentence. Here, it acts as the direct object of the verb zaprosiliśmy (we invited 'him'), so it must be in the accusative case. Because reżyser is a masculine person, the correct accusative form is którego.
Którego usually looks like the genitive case. Is it genitive or accusative here?
It is accusative here, but you have a good eye! For masculine personal nouns (words for male people, like reżyser), the accusative and genitive endings are identical. That is why the accusative form of który becomes którego.
In English we often drop the word 'that' and just say 'The director we invited'. Can I skip którego in Polish?
No, you can never skip the relative pronoun in Polish. You must always include the correct form of który to link the extra information to the main sentence.
Why are there commas before którego and after zaprosiliśmy?
In Polish, punctuation rules are very strict about this: you must always use commas to surround a relative clause (the extra describing phrase that starts with którego). You cannot leave them out like you sometimes can in English.
Why does the verb zaprosiliśmy end in -liśmy?
This is the past tense ending for 'we' when the group doing the action includes at least one male. Unless you are specifically talking about an all-female group (which would be zaprosiłyśmy), you use the masculine personal ending -liśmy.
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