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### Accusative Object Pronouns

When you direct an action at someone or something—like seeing *them*, hearing *me*, or inviting *her*—that person or object is the direct object of your sentence. In Polish, direct objects take the Accusative case.

Here, we will look at how to replace these noun objects with short pronouns.

### Me, You, Us, and You (Plural)

The pronouns for the first and second person are essential for everyday conversation.

| English | Accusative Pronoun |
|---|---|
| me | **mnie** |
| you (sg.) | **cię** |
| us | **nas** |
| you (pl.) | **was** |

**A quick tip on word order:** Short pronouns like **cię** and **go** are unstressed. They like to tuck in right next to the verb, and they should not be placed at the very beginning of a sentence.

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### Him, Her, and It (Third Person Singular)

When replacing a singular noun with "him", "her", or "it", your pronoun must match the grammatical gender of the noun you are replacing.

| English | Accusative Pronoun |
|---|---|
| him / it (masculine) | **go** |
| her / it (feminine) | **ją** |
| it (neuter) | **je** |

Notice that **go** is used for *all* masculine nouns. This means you use it for male people ("him") as well as masculine inanimate objects ("it"), such as *problem*.

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### Them (Third Person Plural)

Just like plural adjectives, plural "them" pronouns depend on whether the group you are replacing is virile (contains at least one male person) or non-virile (everything else: groups of women, animals, or objects).

- **ich** ➔ them (virile: male people or mixed groups)
- **je** ➔ them (non-virile: women, animals, objects)

*Note: The non-virile plural pronoun (**je**) looks exactly the same as the singular neuter pronoun.*

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Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Question	Answer
me	mnie
Do you hear me?	Czy mnie słyszysz?
My husband loves me.	Mój mąż mnie kocha.
you (sg.)	cię
I see you now.	Teraz cię widzę.
to invite	zapraszać
I am inviting you to lunch.	Zapraszam cię na obiad.
him / it	go
He is sick. I understand him.	On jest chory. Rozumiem go.
My boss is very busy, but I understand him.	Mój szef jest bardzo zajęty, ale rozumiem go.
her	ją
Who is inviting her to the cinema?	Kto ją zaprasza do kina?
This is my wife. I love her very much.	To jest moja żona. Bardzo ją kocham.
them / it (neuter)	je
This is a tasty apple. I am eating it for breakfast.	To jest smaczne jabłko. Jem je na śniadanie.
Where are the newspapers? Are you reading them?	Gdzie są gazety? Czytasz je?
us	nas
The boss often invites us to lunch.	Szef często zaprasza nas na obiad.
Our teacher likes us very much.	Nasz nauczyciel bardzo nas lubi.
you (pl.)	was
You are speaking very quietly, but I hear you.	Mówicie bardzo cicho, ale was słyszę.
We know you very well.	Znamy was bardzo dobrze.
them (virile)	ich
These are my brothers. I love them very much.	To są moi bracia. Bardzo ich kocham.
Today I am inviting them to a restaurant.	Dzisiaj zapraszam ich do restauracji.
problem	problem
I understand him, but he has a problem.	Rozumiem go, ale on ma problem.
This is my problem, you do not understand it.	To mój problem, ty go nie rozumiesz.