Breakdown of Avesse funzionato il navigatore!
avere
to have
funzionare
to work / to function (machines, devices)
il navigatore
the GPS
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Questions & Answers about Avesse funzionato il navigatore!
How does this sentence mean 'If only' without using words like se or magari?
By starting an exclamative sentence directly with the past perfect subjunctive (congiuntivo trapassato), you can express a strong, unfulfilled wish about the past. You could add se or magari, but dropping them makes the exclamation feel more immediate and emotional.
Could I say Funzionasse il navigatore! instead?
You could, but it changes the timeframe. Funzionasse is the imperfect subjunctive, which expresses a present or future wish ('If only the GPS worked right now!'). Because the wish here is about the past (it didn't work when we needed it), you must use the past perfect subjunctive (avesse funzionato).
Why is the subject (il navigatore) placed at the very end?
Why does funzionare take avere as its auxiliary verb here?
Even though it might feel like it describes a state of being, the verb funzionare (to work/function) always takes avere in compound tenses. Therefore, it forms the past perfect subjunctive with avesse rather than fosse.