Learn Italian: Bevo tè caldo per la gola. - I drink hot tea for my throat.

In Italian, when talking about body parts, you usually use the definite article (il, la, etc.) instead of a possessive adjective like mio or mia. Because it is clear from the context that you are drinking the tea for your own throat, la gola is all you need.

Why is there no article before tè caldo?

Just like in English, when you talk about an uncountable noun in a general sense (drinking "tea" rather than "the tea"), you can drop the article. You could also use the partitive article (del tè caldo) to mean "some hot tea", but leaving it out completely is very common and natural here.

Why is the word order tè caldo instead of caldo tè?

In Italian, most descriptive adjectives—like colors, shapes, and temperatures—go after the noun they describe. So the English "hot tea" becomes tè (tea) followed by caldo (hot).

Bevo means "I drink", but the infinitive is bere. Why does it use a "v"?

Bere (to drink) is an irregular verb. Its present tense forms are actually based on its original Latin spelling, which was "bevere". That is why the root changes and gives us forms like io bevo, tu bevi, and lui/lei beve.