Breakdown of Spero che l'energia rinnovabile ridurrà le emissioni.
l'energia
energy
sperare
to hope
che
that (conjunction introducing a clause)
ridurre
to reduce
Questions & Answers about Spero che l'energia rinnovabile ridurrà le emissioni.
Wait, doesn't spero che always trigger the subjunctive? Why is ridurrà in the future indicative?
Spero che usually requires the subjunctive for present or past actions. However, when the action in the dependent clause (reducing emissions) will happen in the future compared to the main verb (hoping), Italian uses the future indicative. This is why we use ridurrà instead of a subjunctive form.
Could I use the present subjunctive here instead of the future tense?
Yes, you can! In modern Italian, the present subjunctive can also express a future action. You could perfectly well say Spero che l'energia rinnovabile riduca le emissioni, and it would mean the same thing. Using the future indicative (ridurrà) just makes it explicitly clear that the action is in the future.
Ridurrà looks irregular. How do verbs ending in -urre form the future tense?
Verbs ending in -urre (like ridurre, tradurre, produrre) use the stem from their older Latin infinitives, which end in -urr. You just add the regular future endings to that stem. For ridurre, the stem is ridurr-, and since l'energia rinnovabile is "it" (third-person singular), we add -à to get ridurrà.
Why does rinnovabile end in -e if it's describing the feminine noun energia?