Breakdown of Concentrandosi, lo studente fa meno errori.
lo studente
the student
fare
to do / to make
meno
to / less (time) / less
l'errore
the mistake
Questions & Answers about Concentrandosi, lo studente fa meno errori.
Why is the reflexive pronoun si attached to the end of concentrando?
How does concentrandosi express "by concentrating"? Where is the word for "by"?
In Italian, the present gerund (ending in -ndo) often expresses the means or method by which something is achieved, without needing an extra preposition like "by". Concentrandosi alone translates naturally to "by concentrating" in this context.
Is there a rule about who is doing the action in the gerund concentrandosi?
Yes! A strict rule for using the gerund this way is that its subject must be the exact same as the subject of the main clause. Here, lo studente is both the one concentrating and the one making fewer mistakes.