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When dealing with unconfirmed information, you rarely have the full story. In Italian, you can restrict the scope of your claims using a limitative clause, typically introduced by **per quanto** (as far as).

### The Indicative for Fixed Expressions

The most common way to say "as far as I know" is the fixed expression **per quanto ne so**. It uses the indicative mood and includes the pronoun **ne** (about it).

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### The Subjunctive for Subjective Limits

When you want to emphasize that your limitation is subjective—relying on your own memory or personal knowledge—use the subjunctive mood. Because singular subjunctive conjugations are identical, it is common to include the subject pronoun (**io**) for clarity.

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You can also apply this subjective nuance to our first phrase: **per quanto ne sappia** is completely interchangeable with **per quanto ne so**.

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### The Indicative for Concrete Actions

If the limit of your knowledge is based on a concrete, factual action you took—such as what you have read—use the indicative mood.

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Limitative clauses (per quanto ne so)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
as far as	per quanto
alleged	presunto
As far as I know, the alleged thief is innocent.	Per quanto ne so, il presunto ladro è innocente.
unofficial	ufficioso
As far as I know, the news is unofficial, but I do not know the journalist.	Per quanto io sappia, la notizia è ufficiosa, ma non conosco il giornalista.
tip-off	la soffiata
As far as I remember, the tip-off comes from the colleague of whom we spoke.	Per quanto io ricordi, la soffiata arriva dal collega di cui abbiamo parlato.
gossiper	il pettegolo
uproar	il clamore
The gossiper caused an uproar both yesterday and today.	Il pettegolo ha provocato clamore sia ieri sia oggi.
confidential	confidenziale
unreliable (information, sources)	inattendibile
This confidential document is unreliable.	Questo documento confidenziale è inattendibile.
denial	la smentita
As far as I have read, the denial of the alleged scandal is false.	Per quanto ho letto, la smentita del presunto scandalo è falsa.
to ascertain	appurare
They want to ascertain if the tip-off is unreliable.	Vogliono appurare se la soffiata è inattendibile.
The denial did not reduce the uproar.	La smentita non ha diminuito il clamore.
vaguely	vagamente
The gossiper vaguely confirmed the tip-off.	Il pettegolo ha confermato vagamente la soffiata.
As far as I know, the unofficial news has been verified.	Per quanto ne so, la notizia ufficiosa è stata appurata.
As far as I know, this confidential document is vaguely true.	Per quanto ne sappia, questo documento confidenziale è vagamente vero.
general	generale
As far as I know, it is a general rule.	Per quanto ne so, è una regola generale.
In general I prefer the sea to the mountains.	In generale preferisco il mare alla montagna.

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