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### The Dynamic Passive with "Venire"

While **essere** is the standard auxiliary verb for the passive voice, Italian frequently uses **venire** (to come) in simple tenses (like the present). 

Use *venire* to emphasize the *action* or *process* taking place, rather than a resulting state. This is known as the dynamic passive, and it is especially common when describing how things are made, distributed, or organized.

To form it, conjugate *venire* and add the past participle of the main verb. The past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject.

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Notice how *prodotta* ends in *-a* to match the feminine singular *merce*. If the subject is masculine singular, the participle ends in *-o*:

{{item:817594}}

### Plurals in the Dynamic Passive

When the subject is plural, conjugate *venire* accordingly and change the past participle ending to match (*-i* for masculine plural, *-e* for feminine plural).

{{item:817603}}

### Negation and the Agent

To make a dynamic passive sentence negative, simply place **non** right before the conjugated form of *venire*.

{{item:817605}}

To specify who or what is performing the action (the agent), use the preposition **da** (often combined with a definite article).

{{item:817610}}

Dynamic passive voice (venire)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (il, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, una)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Question	Answer
the goods / the merchandise	la merce
to produce	produrre
A lot of merchandise is produced in this factory.	Molta merce viene prodotta in questa fabbrica.
the material	il materiale
to assemble (components, parts)	assemblare
the warehouse	il magazzino
The material is assembled in the warehouse.	Il materiale viene assemblato nel magazzino.
to transport	trasportare
the truck	il camion
The merchandise is transported by truck.	La merce viene trasportata in camion.
to export	esportare
Nothing is exported without the manager's permission.	Niente viene esportato senza il permesso del direttore.
The truck arrived two hours ago.	Il camion è arrivato due ore fa.
The material is produced abroad.	Il materiale viene prodotto all'estero.
the process	il processo
How are the cars assembled in this process?	Come vengono assemblate le macchine in questo processo?
We produce the merchandise and transport it immediately.	Produciamo la merce e la trasportiamo subito.
These materials are not transported by truck.	Questi materiali non vengono trasportati in camion.
Does the company export these products abroad?	L'azienda esporta questi prodotti all'estero?
Nobody understands the new process in the warehouse.	Nessuno capisce il nuovo processo nel magazzino.
The workers assemble them carefully.	Gli operai le assemblano attentamente.
the industry (f)	l'industria
These goods are produced by the Italian industry.	Queste merci vengono prodotte dall'industria italiana.
The product is assembled in the industry.	Il prodotto viene assemblato nell'industria.

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